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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology
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study of life
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Organism
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any living thing
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HOMEOstasis
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regulation of an organisms internal enviroment
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Meabolism
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All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism
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Scientific method
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common steps to solve problems
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Scientific method
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common steps to solve problems
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Scientific method
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common steps to solve problems
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Hypothesis
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testable explenation for a question or problem
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experiment
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procedure that tests a hypotesis by the process of collecting information under conrolled conditions.
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observations
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use our senses, which lead us to questions
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control group
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standard,all conditons are kept the same
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test group
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all condition are kept the same except the condition being tested
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Idependent variable
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condition being tested
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Dependent Variable
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second condition observed which is a result of the change
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conclusion
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evaluation of the hypotesis based on data
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Quantitative data
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numerical data
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Descriptive Data
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observational data
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Meter, Liter, Gram
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basic units of length, liquid, and mass
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Name the 5 characteristics of life
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1 Ability to respond to the enviroment
2 Use and obtain energy 3 Reproduce 4 organization 5 grow and develop |
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atom
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smallest part of an elemnt which still reatins the properties of that elemnt
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chemical formula
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symbols written together to show what atoms have bonded together
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molecule
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atoms stuck together
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Ion
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an atom ( or group of atoms ) that gain or looses electrons and has a charge and reatin their individual properties
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polar
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attracted to water, has a charge
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products
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result of the reactants
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reactants
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elements which combine
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Hydrogen Bond
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a weak bond formed between hydrogen and another substance
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pH
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a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
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Carbohydrates
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organic compound made of C H O
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Lipids
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organic molecules that have a LARGE proportion of C-H bonds and fewer O atoms
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Proteins
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Large organic polymer which is made of Amino Acids
C H O N |
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Nucleic Acids
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complex polymer of neucleotides
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capillary action
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water creeps up tubes
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chemical equation
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expresses what happens in a chemical reaction
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Nonpolar
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no charge
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Organic Compound
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compound with carbon
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Inorganic Compound
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compound without Carbon
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enzyme
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regulation of cell function
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enzyme substrate complex
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temporary combination of the enzyme and substarte
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Active Transport
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agains diffusion. energy required. lower concentration to higher conventration
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contractile vacuole
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a structure in some unicellualr organisms, that live in hypotonic engiroment, it expells excess water
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enzyme 2
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biological catalysts, reduce amount of energy needed
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diffusion
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the net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentraition to lower concentration
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endocytosis
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process by which a cell surrounds and takes IN material from it's enviroment
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fluid mosaic model
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current model of plasma membrane
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Hypertonic solution
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water leaves the cell
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Hypotonic solution
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water enters the cell
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Isotonic solution
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dynamic equlibrium. equal
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osmosis
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diffusion of water through a selectivly permeable membrane
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passive transport
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no energy needed , diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
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phospholipid
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two fatty acid chains and a head
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selective permeability
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selective material pass in and out of the membrane
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turgor pressure
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pressure that exsistis in a cell
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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ADP
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Adenosine Diphosphate
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Photosynthesis
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plants take in light energy and make glucose and CO2
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Cell respiration
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process in which glucose and oxygen make ATP
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Light reactions
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"photo" part. makes energy for Calvin Cycle ; occurs in the thylakoid
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Calvin Cycle
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form clucose; occurs in the stroma; synthesis
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ETC Electron Transport Chain
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during the light cycle electrons travel down releasing energy
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Carbon Fixation
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Inorganic Carbon is taken and made into CO2
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Glycolysis
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splitting of glucose
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Aerobic Repiration
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repiration with O
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Anaerobic Respiration
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respiration without oxygen
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Citric Acid Cycle/ Krebs Cycle
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series of chemicl reations in the mitochondria in which high energy elesctrons are formed
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Fermentation
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Anaerobic Respiration; Latic Acid and Alcoholic
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Fermentation
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Anaerobic Respiration; Latic Acid and Alcoholic
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Lactic Acid Fermentaion
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that has lactic acid as an end product. Produces electron carrying molecule which enable glycolysis to continue;humans and animals
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Alcoholic Germenation
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ethanol and CO2 as waster products; produces electron carrying molecule
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cell
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smalles living organism that still maintains the 5 characteris Basic unit of life
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Rober Hooke
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English . saw dead cork cells thought they looked like monk's cells
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Anton vo Leeuwenhoek
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First to see live cells. developed better micropscopes "wee beasties" in pond water
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Cell Theory
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1 All livng things are made of cells
2 all cells come from preexsisting cells 3. cells are the basic unit of life |
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compound light micropscope
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passes light through the object
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prokarote
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BACTERIA; a cell lacking true organelles
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Eukarote
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a cell that has a true membrane binding organelles
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Plasma Membrane
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seperates and controls what goes in and our
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cytoplasm
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jell like substance
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Pili
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velcro, sticks to things like the back of the throat
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Cell Wall
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provides support. only in plants
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Cell Wall
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provides support. only in plants
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Cell Wall
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provides support. only in plants
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Nucleus
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the brain controls cell activity . DNA is in here
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ER
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transportaion of materails thru cells; ribosomes here
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Rough ER
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with ribosomes
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Smooth ER
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without Ribsomes
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Ribosomes
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where proteins are made
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Golgi Apparatus
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packages and exports products in vesicles
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Vacuole
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stores stuff
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Lysosome
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helps with digestion
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Mitochondria
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energy is made here. Ribbon ike has a high surfacer area like a tissue box
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chloroplast
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plant cells; photosynthesis occurs here
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Cilia
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hair used for movement
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Flagella
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whip like tail used for movement
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Organelle
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a structure that has a membrane a round it in EURKARYOTIC cells
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specialized cell
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a cell that performs a cerain function
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Heredity
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passing on of chromosome from parent to offspring
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Genetics
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study of heredity
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Gregor Mendel
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Austrain pea plant dude
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Gamete
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Haploid sex cell
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Phenotype
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way an organism looks
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Genotypes
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genetic make up of an organism
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Homozygous
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2 allesles are the same
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Heterozygous
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2 allesles are differnt
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Punnet Square
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used to show possible offspring outcomes
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Law of Segragation
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each gamete goes on 1 block; alleles from parents sort into seperate gametes
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Homologuous chromosemes
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smimilar' paired chromosome with genes for the smae trait
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diploid
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2 copies of each chromosome
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haploid
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1 copy of each chromosome
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meiosis
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1 diploid cell end with 4 haploid cells
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cell cycle
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sequence of growth and division
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Interphase
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growth and metabolism' contriubutes to homeostasis copies it's DNA and mkes other organelles
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Mitosis
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pmat... cell division
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chromatin
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uncolied DNA
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chromosome
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coiled DNA
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sister chromatid
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identical strands of DNA connected at the centromere
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centriole
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form spindle... only in animal cells
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spindle
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made of microbtubes; extend across the cell
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prophase
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nuclear membrane dissapears; spindle forms
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up down the middle of the spindle
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telophase
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begins when chromosomes are at the poles; spindle breaks down and chromatids uncoil
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