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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the first part of the scientific method?
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Problem
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What are the levels of organization of organisms?
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Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
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What is quantitative data?
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Displayed with the use of charts, numbers, and graphs.
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What is qualitative data?
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Data displayed by the use of pictures, drawings, and journaling
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What is homeostasis?
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The regulation of internal environment regardless of changes in external environment
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what is adaptation?
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when organisms become better suited to their environment.
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what is evolution
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changes over many generations.
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what does a phospholipid bilayer make up?
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cell membranes.
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what is cohesion?
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when water attaches to water
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what causes the unique properties of water?
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hydrogen bonding.
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what holds water together?
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A polar covalent bond
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describe an organic molecule
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it is living and it contains carbon and hydrogen
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what is a carbohydrate?
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an organic compound. its general formula is CH2O
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What are the three types of carbs?
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monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
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What is a defining property of a lipid?
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not soluble in water.
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what is an unsaturated fat?
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a fat with less hydrogen ions and more double bonds.
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what is a saturated fat?
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a fat with more hydrogen ions and no double bonds.
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what is a protein made up of?
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amino acids
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what are the functions of proteins?
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antibodies, enzymes, structure, and energy
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what is the basic structure of an amino acid... what are the four side groups?
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carboxyl (COOH) amino (NH2) Variable (R) and Hydrogen (H)
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what do peptide bonds do?
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join amino acids
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what is dehydration linkage?
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the linking of two molecules and the release of a water molecule.
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what is a nucleotide made of
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a phosphate, sugar, and a base
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what does rna do?
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it relays information from dna to the ribosomes
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what is the structure of dna
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dna has phosphates and sugars on the sides and nitrogen bases on the rungs.
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what is thymine?
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a base found in dna
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what is uracil
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a base found in rna
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what is an acid
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they put H+ ions in solutions. 0-3 is a strong acid.
H+ is hydrogen ions |
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what is a base?
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they put OH- ions in solutions. 8 to 14 is a base.OH- is hydroxide.
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what is ribose?
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the sugar found in rna
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what is deoxyribose?
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the sugar found in dna
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what is glycogen?
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the glucose storage in animals
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what is an enzyme?
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a biological catalyst.
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what three letters do the names of enzymes end in?
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ase
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why are enzymes so specific?
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the active sites only work on specific substrates.
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what happens when something denatures?
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enzymes can no longer function because it overheats or there is a pH change.
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are fatty acid tails hydrophilic or phobic?
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hydrophobic
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are polar head regions hydrophilic or phobic?
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philic
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what is a triglyceride?
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a type of fat in the bloodstream that can lead to heart disease.
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what is the lock and key hypothesis?
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when a substrate attaches to the active site of an enzyme.
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what is energy
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the ability to do work or cause change.
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what is atp made of?
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adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
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when is energy released from atp?
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when the bond... especially between the last two phosphates is broken.
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what is a good source of potential energy?
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Atp, because atp stores energy.
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what is an autotroph.
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an organism which makes its own food.
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what is the equation for photosynthesis?
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h20+co2 ------> (in the presence of sunlight) C6H12O6+O2
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what does photosynthesis do?
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uses light energy to make carbohydrates.
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what are the products of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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nadph, atp and oxygen
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what is the function of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
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to energize the calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
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What does the calvin cycle in photosynthesis do>
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it produces glucose.
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what is chlorophyll?
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the pigment in plants that traps sunlight.
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what color has the least amount of energy? why
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red because it has a large wavelength
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what color has the most amount of energy and why
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violet because it has short wavelengths
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what is the electron transport chain (what does it do)
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it transports electrons along it and receives energy from those electrons.
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what is the equation for cellular respiration?
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O2+C6H12O6-----> H2O+ATP+ CO2
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in order, what are the three steps of cellular respiration?
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glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
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how many atp does aerobic respiration make?
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36.... or 38 if you don't count the 2 atp that it takes to go through it in the first place.
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difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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aerobic requires energy and anaerobic doesn't
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what is the purpose of the mitochondrion?
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to power the cell and it is where parts of cellular respiration occur.
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what is a prokaryote?
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has no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.
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what is a eukaryote?
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has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
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what is a cell?
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basic unit of life.
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what is a nucleus?
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contains dna
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what do ribosomes do"?
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make protein
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what does endoplasmic reticulum do?
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transports materials throughout the cell?
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what is the nickname of the mitochondria
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powerhouse of the cell. make atp
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what do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
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cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts.
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what is a selectively permeable membrane>
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a membrane that only allows certain materials to pass through
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what does a lysosome do?
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aids in cellular digestion by releasing powerful digestive enzymes
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what are the three parts of the cell theory?
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all cells are made from other cells
all living things are made up of cells and cells are the basic unit of structure and function |
