Biology Midterm

Front 1

The _____ used by archaea for transcription and translation are more similar to eukaryotes than bacteria

Back 1

Enzymes

Front 2

How are halophiles able to survive in such salty environments

Back 2

Halophiles accumulate a variety of organic molecules in their cytoplasm. By creating a high solute concentration inside the cell, they maintain osmotic balance. Osmosis is the flow of water from high concentration to low concentration. Since there is a balance, the salt water is not pulled into the cell

Front 3

What cellular characteristics do both bacteria and archaea lack that eukaryotes posses?

Back 3

Bacteria and Archaea both lack defined, membrane bound nuclei and organielles

Front 4

In which of these environments might you find Methanogens

Back 4

an environment with low O2 levels

Front 5

A common type of archaean extremophile that inhabit regions of very high temperature

Back 5

thermophile

Front 6

how are methanogens unique archaean organisms

Back 6

considered extremophiles meaning they thrive in extreme environments like high temps or acidic pH levels. Methanogens are unique to the extremophiles because they do not commonly inhabit extreme environments. instead these organisms generate methane from reducing carbon dioxide with elemental hydrogen

Front 7

Thermophiles habitat

Back 7

regions with very high temps

Hint 7

T-Temps

Front 8

Halophiles habitat

Back 8

environments with high salt concentrations

Hint 8

H=high S=salt

Front 9

Acidophiles habitat

Back 9

places where pH is very low

Hint 9

Acidity=low pH

Front 10

Methanogens habitat

Back 10

Envrionment with low O2 levels

Hint 10

methanOgen=Oxygen

Front 11

where do methanogens live in humans

Back 11

in the guts of humans, where they produce the methane that creates belches and flatulence

Front 12

describe halophilies and the processes they perform to survive in their environment

Back 12

live in areas with high salt concentration. to survive in these conditions, some halophilies synthesize or acquire small organic compounds in order to maintain the osmotic balance in their cells. Other halophilies take up potassium chloride, which balances the high sodium chloride concentration outside the cell

Front 13

Because oxygen stops methanogens metabolic processes, what are they almost always?

Back 13

Anaerobes

Front 14

Explain one way archaea are like bacteria and one way they are like eukaryotes

Back 14

both bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes and they are always single cell organisms. The transcription and translation process of archaea is more similar to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria

Front 15

Which is not an example of an extromophile?

Back 15

Pressophile- can tolerate high pressures

Front 16

Examples of extremophilies

Back 16

can tolerate low pH, high salt concetrations, and high temps

Front 17

Methanogens habitat consists of

Back 17

swamplands, marshlands and the gut of humans

Front 18

which group of microorganisms is most likely to spoil tuna preserved with salt

Back 18

halophilies

Front 19

which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead sea

Back 19

halophilies

Front 20

Archaeans are known for their ability to

Back 20

survive in extreme environments

Front 21

Bacteria and archaeans both lack

Back 21

nuclei and other membrane bound organelles but differ in metabolism and membrane structure

Front 22

Some Halophilies synthesize or take up a variety of _________ such as amino acids, sugars and alcohols, which accumulate in their cytoplasm and maintain the appropriate ________.

Back 22

Small organic compounds, Osmotic balance in the cell

Front 23

Intracellular solutes create

Back 23

solute concentration within the cell that is nearly equal to the solute concentration outside the cell

Front 24

how to produce methane gas

Back 24

reducing carbon dioxide with elemental hydrogen

Front 25

Methanogens are almost always

Back 25

obligate anaerobes because oxygen stops their metabolic processes

Front 26

Methanogens do not commonly inhabit

Back 26

extreme environments, a distinguishing characteristics from many other archaeans

Front 27

Describe how a select group of halophilies utilize a more radical approach to increasing their internal osmolarity.

Back 27

They take up potassium chloride (KCl) from the environment until it is as concentrated as 4 M KCl inside their cell. This balances the high sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration outside the cells.

Front 28

Describe osmosis

Back 28

water travels to areas of higher solute concetrations;thus when a cells internal solute concentration is equal to that outside the cell; no net water is lost by the cell.

Front 29

Acidophile

Back 29

an organism that thrives in the environment that are at low pH, typically pH 5 to 1

Front 30

Archaea

Back 30

the end