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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List two things not required for life |
Blood and carbon dioxide |
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What are the building blocks of proteins? |
Amino acids |
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What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms? |
Cells |
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What are the compounds which supply ions for cells? |
Salts |
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which is not a part of the digestive system? |
Adrenal Glands |
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What is homeostasis? |
Stable internal conditions |
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What is the most abundant compound in living material? |
H20 |
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Give two cavities found in the dorsal cavity |
Cranial and vertebral cavity |
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Give four characteristics of life. |
Growth, excretion, movement, reproduction |
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What is the membrane on the lung's surface |
Visceral Pleura |
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Two or more atoms bone together to form a more complex structure in what kind of reaction? |
Synthesis |
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What body system is the main source of body heat? |
Muscular |
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What are the small structured within cells that carry on specific functions? |
Organelles |
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What type of bond forms between atoms with opposite charges? |
Ionic |
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What term describes a body part that is close to a point of attachment? |
Proximal |
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The chemical behavior of atoms results from interactions among their what? |
Electrons |
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What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a carbohydrate? |
2:1 |
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Which substance increases in amount during cellular respiration? |
ATP |
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What is the formation of mRNA from DNA? |
Transcription |
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How many more times acidic is a solution with a pH of 5 than one with a pH of 6? |
10 |
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Where does glycolysis occur? |
Cytoplasm |
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How many bonds do carbon atoms form? |
4 |
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What are fluids with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids? |
Hypertonic |
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What class of organic compounds do steroids belong to? |
Lipids |
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In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate? |
Interphase |
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Why are the major sites of ATP formation? |
Mitochondria |
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Describe the DNA of the two daughter cells produced in mitosis. |
Equal amount of DNA |
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Give four functions of the membrane proteins. |
Transport, receptor, recognition, anchor. |
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What do not have to be pumped into a cell? |
Oxygen |
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What structures do mucus secreting cells have plenty of? |
Golgi |
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What is edema? |
Excess tissue fluid |
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What are the sites for protein synthesis? |
Ribosomes |
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What is diffusion? |
Solutes move from high to low concentration |
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Where would west likely find a tissue consisting of a single layer of thin, flattened cells? |
Air sacs of the lungs |
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What nitrogen base is not found in DNA? |
Uracil |
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Where is smooth muscle found? |
Wall of the stomach |
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What are the small structured which increase the surface area of the small intestine called? |
Microvilli |
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What is a change in the DNA molecule? |
mutation |
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What are three functions of adipose tissue? |
insulates, cushions, and stores energy |
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Which type of muscle tissue do we have conscious control of? |
Skeletal |
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What are the cells capable of sensing changes in their environment? |
Neurons |
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What are codons? |
Nucleotides of mRNA read 3 at a time |
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What cells secrete proteins that form fibers in the matrix of connective tissue? |
Fibroblasts |
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What is an expressed gene? |
gene translated to a protein |
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What are tendons? |
Dense connective tissue |
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What is a substrate? |
substances acted upon by an enzyme |
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What are merocrine glands? |
Glands that release watery, protein rich fluids by exocytosis |
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Name the four tissue types. |
Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle |
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What type of energy is in the bonds of molecules? |
Chemical |
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What are used in small quantities, serve as catalysts, have active sites, and a particular substrate? |
Enzymes |
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Where is the meniscus? |
knee |
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What structures cause fingerprints? |
dermal papillae |
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What are fontanels? |
Membraneous soft spots of a newborn's skull |
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What is the main function of melanocytes? |
Protect deeper cells from sunlight |
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What is the diaphysis? |
Shaft of the long bone |
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What makes skin waterproof? |
Keratin |
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What is the longest and strongest bone of the body? |
Femur |
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What glands become active when a person is emotionally upset? |
Apocrine |
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What suture joins the two parietal bines together on the midline? |
Sagittal |
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Where are the major blood vessels that supply skin? |
Subcutaneous layer |
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Which bone forms by intermembraneous ossification? |
Maxilla |
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What are the nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis associated with? |
glands, muscles, sensory receptors |
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Where does the earliest blood cell formation occur? |
yolk sac |
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What glands are acne a disorder of? |
Apocrine |
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What type of cells produce hair? |
epithelial |
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Give four functions of skin |
production of vitamin D, excrete waste, house sensory receptors, control body temp |
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What are skin cancer cells most likely to develop from? |
Non-pigmented epithelial cells |
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Give a center not located in the medulla. |
Auditory |
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What is an arthroscopy? |
procedure done to examine joints |
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What connects the two cerebral hemispheres? |
Corpus Callosum |
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What is an abduction? |
movement away from midline |
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Give one example that is not a descending tract in the spinal cord. |
spinothalamic |
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What molecule has cross-bridges? |
myosin |
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What results from the inside of the neuron being negative with respect to the outside? |
the restina potential |
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Which muscle is located in the upper arm with three origins? |
triceps branchaii. |
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The majority of neurons that lie within the brain or spinal cord are |
multipolar |
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During anaerobic respiration l, glucose is converted to what and travels to the liver? |
lactic acid |
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Where do a muscle fiber and a nerve fiber interact? |
neuromuscular junction |
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What is the actual segment in a muscle that shortens? |
sarcom |
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Where are the vesicles in a motor neuron that release the neurotransmitter? |
ACh |
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The part of the muscle connected to a fixed part is the what? |
origin |
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What is the pigment in muscle responsible for color? |
Myoglobin |
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What element is essential for muscle contraction? |
Myoglobin and calcium |
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What serves to supply energy for the change from ATP to ADP? |
Creatin phosphate |
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A lack of what can lead to blindness? |
Vitamin A |
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Which cranial nerve extends into the chest and abdomen? |
Vagus |
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How many different types of cone pigments are there? |
3 |
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what color do masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear? |
white |
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Where is the visual cortex located? |
Occipital lobe |
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what part of the brain helps maintain posture? |
cerebellum |
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What is the only moveable in the skull? |
Mandible |
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Where are feelings of anger, pleasure, fear, and sorrow produced? |
Limbic System |
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What structure is the window of the eye and helps focus incoming light rays? |
parietal lobe |
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Where are hearing receptors located? |
Organ of corti |
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What are the spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid? |
reservoirs |
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How are cataracts usually treated? |
removing lense |
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Give one pain killer that is not natural. |
Morphine |
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What fibers are associated with sharp pain? |
acute |
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Taste receptors are examples of what? |
Chemo receptors |
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What slow down and may stop completely when receptors are continuously stimulated in adaptation? |
Impulses |
