Biology Mid-Term Study Guide

Front 1

3 Main Atom Parts

Back 1

Protons, Neutron, Electron

Front 2

Proton

Back 2

Positively charged particle in the atom

Front 3

Neutron

Back 3

Neutrally charged particle in the atom

Front 4

Electron

Back 4

Negatively charged particle in the atom

Front 5

Carbohydrates

Monomer, Polymer, Main Elements, Task

Back 5

Monomer: Sugar

Polymer: Starches

Main Elements: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Task: Energy for body

Front 6

Lipids

Monomer, Polymer, Main Elements, Task

Back 6

Monomer: Fatty Acids

Polymer: Fats, oils, waxes

Main Elements: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Task: Waterproof coverings

Front 7

Nucleic Acids

Monomer, Polymer, Main Elements, Task

Back 7

Monomer: nucleotides

Polymer: DNA

Main Elements: Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus

Task: storing and transferring data

Front 8

Proteins

Monomer, Polymer, Main Elements, Task

Back 8

Monomer: Amino Acids

Polymer: Proteins

Main Elements: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Task: Control Cell Process

Front 9

What is the cell theory?

Back 9

States that all living things are made up of cells and they are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new cells come from existing cells.

Front 10

What are the two main kinds of cells and what is the difference?

Back 10

one type is eukaryotic which contains a nucleus and the other type is prokaryotic which does not have a nucleus

Front 11

What is the role of the nucleus

Back 11

Holds DNA and controls most of what goes on in the cell.

Front 12

What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

Back 12

Rough ER makes proteins. Its called rough because the ribosomes on its surface make it bumpy. Smooth ER, Its called smooth ER because there are no ribosomes on its surface.

Front 13

What is the job of cell walls

Back 13

Cell wall, The main job of the cell wall is to support, shape, and protect the cell. Most cell walls can let water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide along with other materials pass through.

Front 14

What is the diffrence between passive and active transport?

Back 14

the diffrence between passive and active transport is that energy from the cell is needed to move particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

Front 15

What is diffusion?

Back 15

Cytoplasim contains many different substances dissolved in water, THese substances move in this solution, run into each other, and spread out randomly. They tend to move from an area where there are more of them to an area where there are fewer of them. THe process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In failitated diffusion molecules pass across the membrane through membrane channels

Front 16

What is osmosis?

Back 16

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 17

What is osmotic pressure?

Back 17

The pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 18

What is added to ADP to make it ATP?

Back 18

Phosphate

Front 19

What is the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

Back 19

Heterotrophs get their energy by consuming other living things, whereas autotrophs get their energy by making their own food.

Front 20

Autotrophs make their own food through a process called

Back 20

Photosynthesis

Front 21

Where do light-independent reactions take place? What about light dependent reactions?

Back 21

Light independent reactions take place in the stroma. Light depended reactions take place in the thylakoids.

Front 22

What are the products and reactants of photosynthesis?

Back 22

Photosynthesis uses the the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

Front 23

The light- dependent reactions take place in the thyklakoids of chloroplasts. these baglike membranes hold groups of chlorophyll and proteins known as_______?

Back 23

Photosystems

Front 24

What happens in the ATP synthase?

Back 24

Makes ATP/H* pumped/ NADP+ reaction

Front 25

What is another name for light- independent reactions? What is produced in this reaction/cycle

Back 25

Calvin cycle; In the calvin cycle sugars used for energy are produced.

Front 26

What are the three main factors that affect photosynthesis?

Back 26

Temperature, light intensity, and the availability of water

Front 27

Glycolysis is a ______________ Process.

Back 27

anaerobic

Front 28

Chemical pathways that need oxygen are___________.

Back 28

Aerobic

Front 29

Put these in order:

Krebs Cycle

Electron transport

Glycolysis

Back 29

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport

Front 30

The krebs cycle takes place in the ____________.

Back 30

Mitochondria

Front 31

Glycolysis takes place in the_____________.

Back 31

Cytoplasam

Front 32

Alcoholic fermentation produces _________,________, and ___________.

Back 32

Alcohol, co2, and NAD+

Front 33

Lactic acid fermentation requires_______ and _______

Back 33

Pyruvic acid and NADH

Front 34

Cellular respiration is the process that releases_______ from food.

Back 34

Energy

Front 35

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are______________.

Back 35

opposites

Front 36

During the krebs cycle _______ is proken down into co2

Back 36

Pyruvic Acid

Front 37

Living things get and use _________ and ___________.

Back 37

Materials and energy

Front 38

____________,_______________,_________, and creativity help scientist come up with new ideas.

Back 38

Skepticism, Open-Mindedness, Curiosity

Front 39

Using science, involves understanding its _____________ and how it __________ into soceity.

Back 39

context; fits

Front 40

Biology has __________ big ideas.

Back 40

10

Front 41

most scientist use the __________________ when collecting data and peforming experiments.

Back 41

Scientific method