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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Resting Membrane Potential
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-70mV inside the cell, this is maintained by the Na+/K+ ATPase and K+ leak channel
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Depolarization
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Na+ Voltage-gated channels open, steady depolarization until threshold is hit, then AP is propagated
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Threshold
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for a typical cell, -50mV
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Repolarization
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1. Na+ VG channels close
2. K+ VG channels then open (more slowly than Na+ VGs and they stay open longer) 3. Overshooting RMP causes refactory period |
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Absolute Refractory
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No response no matter how strong the depolarization is
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Relative Refractory
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Need to depolarize more to get an AP
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Nodes between myelin, Na+ VG channels are concen. here
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Steps in Synaptic Transmission
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1. AP reaches synaptic knob
2. Open VG Ca2+ channels 3. Rush of a Ca2+ influx causes exocytosis of NT |
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Post-synaptic receptors
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels
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Summation
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1. decision by postsynaptic neuron whether to propagate an AP is determined by all pre-syn impinging upon it (can be excitatory or inhibitory)
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Temporal Summation
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rapid EPSP build-up from one cell that causes rapid AP
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Spatial Summation
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EPSPs and IPSPs from all synapses on postsynaptic membrane are summed at a given moment of time
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Disynaptic reflex arc
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losening of one muscle while contraction happens on another, innervates relaxing muscle
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Reciprocal Innervation
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deactivation of one thing due to stimualtion of another
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Part of the ANS, does the "4-Fs": fight, fright, flight, and mating =0)
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Part of the ANS, "rest and digest"
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Spinal Cord
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Responsible for simple spinal reflexes and primitive processes (walking, peeing, and sex)
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Hindbrain
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(rhombencephalon) contains the medula, pons, and cerebellum
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Medulla
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controlls blood pressure, respiratory rate, and vomiting
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Pons
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control balance and antigravity posture
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Cerebellum
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"intergrating center" where complex movements are coordinated
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Midbrain
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(mesencephalon) relay area for visual and auditory info, contains mush of reticular activating system
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Brainstem
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medulla, pons, and midbrain
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Forebrain
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(prosencephalon) includes dienceph and telencephalon
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Dienecephalon
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contains thalamus and hypothalamus
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Thalamus
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relay center for somatic sensation
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Hypothalamus
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controlls temp regulation, memory, hunger, rage, and sex drive.
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Telencephalon
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regulates body movement, lmibic system, and basal nuclei
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t/f
CNS contains unmyelinated axons |
f
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t/f
PNS contains unmyelinated axons |
t
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Corpus Callosum
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connects left and right hemispheres
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Somatice motor neuornos
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1. innervate skeletal muscle
2. use Ach as their NT (excitatory only) 3. Have cell bodies in either the brainstem or in the ventral portion of the spinal cord. |
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Autonomic preganglionic Neuron
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1. cell body in the brain stem or psinal cord
2. release Ach as their NT |
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Autonomic postganglionic Neuron
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1.sends axon to the effector
2. Parasymp and symp differ in what NT they release |
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t/f parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach
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t
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t/f sympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach
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f
release norepinephrine |
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Adrenal medulla
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directly innervated by the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
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mechanoreceptors
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respond to mechanical disturbances
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chemoreceptors
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olafactory/gustatory, pH, pCO2, and pO2 receptors
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nocioreceptors
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pain receptors, simplest type of sens receptor
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thermoreceptors
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changes in temperature, can be autonomic or somatic
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electromagnetic receptors
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photoreceptors in the eye
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propioreceptors
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awareness of self and of body part positions
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Monosynaptic reflex arc
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two neurons w/only one synapse
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ganglia
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somas located outside of the CNS
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