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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phospolipids
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Building Block of the cell.
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Proteins
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contain nitrogen, carbon hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Channel Proteins
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Help moelcules cross the cell membrane.
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Marker Proteins
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identify the cell.
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Receptors proteins
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transmit information into the cell.
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Diffusion
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Movement of molecules from high concentration to low
Move down hill. |
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of Water
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Facilitated Diffusion
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transports molecules in either direction (passive transport)
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Endocytosis
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pinching off of a section of membrane.
a cell surrounds and engulfs |
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Exocytosis
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Form of active transport.
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Passive Transport
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Usually diffusion or osmosis.
Just happens, doesn't need energy. |
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Active Transport
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one-way transport across a membrane that requires energy
cell exerts energy to work against the concentration gradient. |
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ATP
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molecule used by cell to deliver energy for chemical reaction.
2-ATP in Anaerobic & 36-ATP Aerboic. |
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Chlorophyll
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absorbs red and blue light, reflects green.
gathers energy for photosynthesis. |
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Chloroplast
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carbohydrate producing organelles found in green plants.
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Photosynthesis
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capture of energy from sunlight, which produces ATP and carbohydrates.
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Cellular Respiration
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Living things release energy from bonds in carbohydrates & other food molecules.
Glycolysis & Oxidative Resp. |
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Fermentation
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Breaks pyruvic acid into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol.
breakdown when oxygen is not present. |
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Anaerobic
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Without Oxygen
Glycolysis In Cytoplasm End Product is Lactic Acid/Ethanol Has 2 ATP |
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Aerobic
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With Oxygen
Oxidative Respiration In Mitochondria End Product is CO2 & H2O Has 36 ATP |
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Glycolysis
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takes place in cytoplasm
does not need oxygen Glucose is broken into 2 pyruvic acids (Only 2 ATP) |
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Oxidative Respiration
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Takes place in Mitochondria
Requires Oxygen breakdown into water & CO2 36 ATP |
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Proteins
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C,H,O, Nitrogen
20 amino acids needed enymes, hemoglobin work like lock & key (spiderweb) |
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Amino Acids
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proteins
20 |
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Carbohydrates
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Made of Starches, Sugars, Can be Simple or Complex Cellulose-plants for cell wall |
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Lipids
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C,H,O
Fats, Oils,Waxes, Steroids Long term energy storage Forms much of cell membrane Can NOT mix with water |
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Nucleic Acids
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DNA, RNA
Made of Nucleotides Makes up Chromosomes Code for Proteins/Blueprint-tells cells how to make protein |
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Nucleotide
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subunits of nucleic acid
In DNA-form genes, encode info In RNA-copies genes, makes protein |
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DNA
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Deoxribonucleic Acid
Double Helix-2 strands Encodes cell proteins Bases-A, T, G, C Only in Nuclues |
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Replication
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DNA codes itself.
Cell divides and copies DNA 2 DNA strands are the result |
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Transcription
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DNA transcribes RNA
Only makes RNA to carry instruction to ribosomes. End up with new RNA strand, original DNA. |
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Translation
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RNA codes for proteins
triplet codon (3 base codes for amino acids) Peptides bond int poly then protein |
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Mitchondria
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Converts glucose into energy (ATP)
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Mutation
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change in genotype of an organism
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Nucleus
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directs cell activity
stores DNA |
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Prokaryote
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Single cell organism
No true Nucleus |
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Eukaryote
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contains a membrane nucleus
protists |
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Homeostasis
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process where living things maintain a constant internal environment such as
body temperature, water level |
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Metabolism
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Use energy
Energy by eating or photosynthesis. Living things need energy to to move, grow, and process info. |
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Reproduction
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Make offspring
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Cells
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All living things are made up of cells.
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Heredity
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Contain genetic info in DNA or RNA (genes) Passed on through offspring.
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