Biology Lecture Test 2

Front 1

Reaction that transfers electrons from one reactant to another by oxidation and reduction.

Back 1

Redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction

Front 2

Substance loses electrons-positive

Back 2

Oxidized

Front 3

Substance gains electrons-negative

Back 3

Reduction (remember, reduction with cooking- means the food gets thicker- grows-gains-)

Front 4

Splitting of sugar

Back 4

Glycolysis

Front 5

Breaks down glucose into pyruvite

Back 5

Glycolysis

Front 6

Process of splitting sugar that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

Back 6

Glycolisis

Front 7

2 major phases of Glycolysis

Back 7

1. Energy investment phase
2. Energy payoff phase

Front 8

Three Cell Signaling Processes

Back 8

1. Reception 2. Transduction 3. Response

Front 9

Signal Molecule is also called the

Back 9

Ligand

Front 10

Transduction:

Back 10

Relays molecules in signal transduction pathways

Front 11

Two intracellular receptor proteins (cell signaling)

Back 11

1. Intracellular receptors
2. receptors in the plasma membrane

Front 12

Response Process also leads to

Back 12

Regulation of genes

Front 13

Stages of Cellular respiration

Back 13

1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 14

Small, non protein, water soluble, molecules or ions.

Back 14

Second Messengers

Front 15

CyclicAMP is made from________ and is an example of a______ __________

Back 15

ATP, Second Messenger

Front 16

Second Messengers are:

Back 16

Molecules or ions that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface (such as the arrival of protein hormones, growth factors, etc.)

Front 17

Examples of Second messengers:

Back 17

CyclicAMP, Inosital Triphosphates

Front 18

First messenger is:

Back 18

Signal Molecule (Ligand)

Front 19

Chemiosmosis:

Back 19

APT Synthase "Machine". Protons pass through rod, rod turns knob, and combines with P to produce ATP.

Front 20

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol, in two steps. One of which releases Co2, during what process?

Back 20

Alcohol Fermentation

Front 21

Pyruvate is reduced directly to NADH to form lactate as a waste product

Back 21

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Front 22

Not an efficient way to break down glucose

Back 22

Alchohol fermentation

Front 23

Solar energy into chemical energy is

Back 23

Photosynthesis

Front 24

the green pigment in a plant is

Back 24

chlorophyll

Front 25

C02 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called

Back 25

stomata

Front 26

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the

Back 26

chloroplasts

Front 27

Chlorophyll is the green pigment in

Back 27

chloroplasts

Front 28

jelly like substance/fluid in chamber

Back 28

stroma

Front 29

Similar to a stack of pennies (in jellylike substance)

Back 29

granum

Front 30

each disk in the granum is

Back 30

thylakoid