Biology Lecture Exam 1

Front 1

Which one of the following structures would most likely be found as apart of a bacterium?
a. nucleus
b. lysosome
c. ribosomes
d. mitochondria
e. Golgi apparatus

Back 1

c. ribosomes

Front 2

Which one of the following molecules would not be considered part of a proteome?
a. an enzyme responsible for synthesizing phospholipids
b. a transmembrane channel that allows passage of ions into the cytoplasm
c. a messenger RNA molecule that is recognized and translated by a ribosome
d. a specific cellular response to an increase in temperature
e. a key structural component of the cytoskeleton

Back 2

c. a messenger RNA molecule that is recognized and translated by a ribosome

Front 3

Which of the following statements about ATP synthase is incorrect?

a. ATP synthase is an example of a molecular machine
b. multiple protein subunits combine with small RNA molecules to form ATP synthase
c. ATP synthase can be found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts
d. in prokaryotes, ATP synthase is found integrated into the plasma membrane
e. all of the above statements about ATP synthase are correct

Back 3

b. multiple protein subunits combine with small RNA molecules to form ATP synthase

Front 4

The synthesis of ATP using energy provided by an electrochemical gradient is most accurately referred to as
a. substrate level phosphorylation
b. reduction
c. oxidation
d. oxidative phosphorylation
e. fermentation

Back 4

d. oxidative phosphorylation

Front 5

Which one of the following is not an end product of glycolysis?
a. CO2
b. ATP
c. NADH
d. pyruvate
e. A and B

Back 5

a. CO2

Front 6

Molecular recognition is specific enough that a change in amino acid sequence of one polypeptide chain could lead to an entire molecular machine not assembly correctly
a. True
b. False

Back 6

a. True

Front 7

Facilitated diffusion is different from simple diffusion in all of the following ways except
a. facilitated diffusion is specific
b. facilitated diffusion can be blocked by inhibitors
c. facilitated diffusion is saturable
d. facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein
e. all of the above are differences

Back 7

e. all of the above are differences

Front 8

How could phospholipids be transferred from place to place in a cell membrane?
a. lateral diffusion across continuous membranes
b. with enzymes
c. A and B
d. none of the above - phospholipids are stationary in membranes

Back 8

c. A & B

Front 9

All of the following would have a phosphate component except
a. amino acids
b. nucleic acids
c. cell membrane
d. ATP
e. A and B

Back 9

a. amino acids

Front 10

The inside of the cell has 10 mM of KCl while the outside has 100 mM KCl. If the membrane is impermeable to KCl, which direction will water move and by what mechanism?
a. into the cell by osmosis
b. out of the cell by osmosis
c. into the cell by facilitated diffusion
d. out of the cell by facilitated diffusion
e. out of the cell by active transport

Back 10

b. out of the cell by osmosis

Front 11

All of the following groups are part of the amino acid structure except
a. -COOH
b. -H
c. -PO4
d. NH2
e. all of the above are part of the amino acid structure

Back 11

c. -PO4

Front 12

In order to determine the contents of flask, what could you do?
a. check the pH
b. test for hydrolysis reactions
c. test for specific elements
d. dehydrate
e. all of the above

Back 12

e. all of the above

Front 13

Which one of the following statements accurately describes how metabolic processes are regulated?
a. turning off genes that encode proteins not needed at that point in time
b. interpreting signals received from the environment and adjusting chemical reactions to adapt to those signals
c. binding a molecule to an existing enzyme to directly affect the function that enzyme
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c

Back 13

e. a, b, and c

Front 14

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is
a. NADH
b. FADH2
c. water
d. oxygen
e. ATP

Back 14

d. oxygen

Front 15

Which of the following give animals their intense color and enable them to attract mates?
a. phenolics
b. polyketides
c. alkaloids
d. terpenoids
e. pyruvate

Back 15

d. terpenoids

Front 16

Yeasts and some plants will undergo fermentation in the absence of oxygen. This reaction will yield
a. lactic acid
b. pyruvate
c. water
d. ethyl alcohol
e. ketones

Back 16

d. ethyl alcohol

Front 17

The polar functional group -CO is a
a. carbonyl group
b. carboxyl group
c. methyl group
d. amino group
e. hydroxyl group

Back 17

a. carbonyl group

Front 18

A phospholipid contains all of the following except
a. fatty acid chains
b. glycerol
c. steroid ring
d. phosphate group
e. choline

Back 18

c. steroid ring

Front 19

All of the following promote protein folding and stability except
a. disulfide bridges
b. covalent bonds
c. ionic bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
e. Van der Waals forces

Back 19

b. covalent bonds

Front 20

A chemical reaction which uses a molecule of water to join molecules is most commonly called a(n) _________ reaction.
a. condensation
b. evaporation
c. dehydration
d. hydrolysis
e. cohesion

Back 20

a. condensation

Front 21

Phospholipids are most accurately described as
a. hydrophobic
b. amphipathic
c. hydrophilic
d. monosaturated
e. ionic

Back 21

b. amphipathic

Front 22

The use of a pre-existing gradient to drive the uphill transport of a solute is
a. primary active transport
b. secondary active transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. simple diffusion
e. osmosis

Back 22

b. secondary active transport

Front 23

All of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton except
a. provides cell membrane strength
b. helps maintain cell shape
c. allows motor proteins to carry cargo
d. produces ATP
e. helps with cell motility

Back 23

d. produces ATP

Front 24

Which one of the following biological macromolecules is least likely to be a component of a cell membrane?
a. lipids
b. carbohydrates
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids
d. all of the above macromolecules are common components of cell membranes

Back 24

d. nucleic acids

Front 25

Carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions and transport them in the same direction are called ______, while carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions and transport them in opposite direction are called __________.
a. symporters, cotransporters
b. uniporters, symporters
c. symporters, antiporters
d. antiporters, uniporters
e. antiporters, symporters

Back 25

c. symporters, antiporters

Front 26

Matching:

Function: photosynthesis
Location: plant cells only

Back 26

chloroplast

Front 27

Matching:

Function: site of protein synthesis
Location: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 27

ribosomes

Front 28

Matching:

Function: provides cell support
Location: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 28

cell wall

Front 29

Matching:

Function: site for macromolecule degradation
Location: animal cells only

Back 29

lysosomes

Front 30

Matching:

Function: ATP synthesis
Location: eukaryotes only

Back 30

mitochondria

Front 31

Matching:

Function: motility
Location: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back 31

flagella

Front 32

When oxygen-requiring cells are temporarily deprived of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to _________ and NAD+.

Back 32

lactic acid

Front 33

DNA is found in the _______ region of a prokaryote.

Back 33

nucleoid

Front 34

___________ proteins are located on the membrane surface (mostly on the cytoplasmic side) and are associated with cell shape and motility.

Back 34

Peripheral

Front 35

Beta pleats are an example of what type of protein structure?

Back 35

secondary

Front 36

________ transport requires direct use of ATP (an example would be the Na+ -K+ ATPase)

Back 36

Active

Front 37

____________ are the largest in diameter of the cytoskeleton protein filaments and are the components of flagella.

Back 37

Microtubules

Front 38

In prokaryotes, the _________ is a structure outside the cell membrane that traps water and helps protect the cell.

Back 38

glycocalyx

Front 39

A non-competitive inhibitor binds to the ________ site on an enzyme.

Back 39

allosteric

Front 40

If the solutes inside the cell are in a higher concentration than outside the cell, then the solution surrounding the cell would be _______. (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic)

Back 40

hypotonic

Front 41

Two structures with identical molecular formulas but different structures are ________.

Back 41

isomers

Front 42

A ______ is an inorganic ion that temporarily binds to the enzyme to increase efficiency.

Back 42

cofactor

Front 43

___________ is a four-ringed structure contributing to the fluidity of animal cell membranes.

Back 43

Cholesterol

Front 44

In the _______ __________ (cell structure), vesicles are received on the cis surface and transport material through to the trans surface.

Back 44

Golgi apparatus

Front 45

How many electron carriers are produced per glucose molecule that can be contributed to the electron transport chain for ATP production?

Back 45

12

Front 46

How many CO2 molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle per glucose?

Back 46

4

Front 47

How many FADH2 molecules are produced in the citric acid cycle per acetyl CoA molecule?

Back 47

1

Front 48

How many ATP are consumed in the energy investment phase of glycolysis per glucose molecule?

Back 48

2

Front 49

How many ATP are produced (ideally) by oxidative phosphorylation per glucose molecule?

Back 49

34

Front 50

How many ATP are produced in the pyruvate conversion reaction per glucose molecule?

Back 50

0