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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
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heredity
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characteristics that are inherited
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traits
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the branch of biology that studies heredity
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genetics
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why did mendel use garden pea plants in experiments?
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they reproduce sexually
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sex cells
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gametes
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uniting of male and female gametes
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fertilization
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fertilized cell- develops into seed
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zygote
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transfer of pollen grains to female reproductive organ
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pollination
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male and female gametes come from same plant
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self-pollinating
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pollinating the female reproductive organ with pollen from another plant
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cross-pollinating
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offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait such as tall and short height
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hybrid
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a table for making genetic crosses
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punnet square
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each organism has two factors that control each of it's traits (genes located on chromosomes)
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rule of unit factors
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different gene forms for a trait (tall, short) (one inherited from mom; one from dad)
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alleles
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one of two factors governs a trait and the alternate form of the trait is only present if the dominant factor is not present
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rule of dominance
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observed trait when present (written first and upper case, ex. T)
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dominant
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trait that disappears (lower case letter, ex. t)
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recessive
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every individual has two alleles for each gene and gametes recieve only one of the alleles
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law of segregation
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the way an organism looks (tall)
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phenotype
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the allele combination of an organism (TT)
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genotype
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the two alleles for the trait are the same (TT, tt)
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homozygous
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the two alleles for the trait differ from each other (Tt)
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heterozygous
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cross involving two traits
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dihybrid cross
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genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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law of independent assortment
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when the phenotype of the heterozygous individual is intermediate (blended) between the homozygous parents
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incomplete dominance
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when the phenotypes of both the homozygous parents are present in the heterozygous offspring
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codominance
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