Biology Lab, Mitosis, Meiosis, Etc.

Front 1

Mitosis

Back 1

series of events through which the nucleus is divided into two, generally similar parts. "Duplication Division"

Front 2

Cytokinesis

Back 2

cytoplasm and its components divide during this process

Front 3

Interphase

Back 3

each chromosome is replicated, and being the condense

Front 4

Chromatid

Back 4

each copy of the chromosome

Front 5

Centromere

Back 5

chromatids are joined at this region

Front 6

Prophase

Back 6

chromosomes are in a circular mass, bundles of proteins extend from centromeres of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell

Front 7

spindle fibers

Back 7

bundles of proteins

Front 8

Metaphase

Back 8

spindle fibers move chromosomes near the center of the cell, appear as fine streaks

Front 9

Anaphase

Back 9

two chromatids are pulled in opposite directions by the spindle fibers as they shorten.

Front 10

Telophase

Back 10

the two nuclei begin to reorganize, and chromosomes become less distinct.

Front 11

gametes

Back 11

sperm and ovum, referred to as haploid cells

Front 12

zygote

Back 12

gametes form this, referred to as diploid cells

Front 13

Meiosis

Back 13

two gametes fuse to form a zygote, and the gametes must contain half the normal number of chromosomes. "reduction division"

Front 14

Homologous chromosomes

Back 14

chromosomes in a diploid cell come in these pairs, one set from each parent

Front 15

the principal difference between mitosis and meiosis occurs in this phase

Back 15

Metaphase I

Front 16

What takes place in Metaphase I

Back 16

homologous pairs of chromosomes line up together along the equator and rather than break apart, the entire replicated chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.

Front 17

when actual reduction division occurs

Back 17

Meiosis I

Front 18

Heredity

Back 18

the transfer of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Front 19

Complete Dominance

Back 19

When one allele is completely dominant over the other

Front 20

Incomplete dominance

Back 20

one allele dominant and one intermediate

Front 21

Codominance

Back 21

combo of both alleles

Front 22

Gene

Back 22

basic unit of heredity; a segment of DNA that codes for the production of a specific polypetide

Front 23

Allele

Back 23

one of 2 or more alternate states of a gene

Front 24

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 24

pair of chromosomes with the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles; in sexually reproducing organisms, one chromosome of the pair comes from each parent

Front 25

Diploid

Back 25

having 2 sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Front 26

Haploid

Back 26

having only one set of chromosomes (half the diploid number)

Front 27

Genotype

Back 27

pair of alleles for a given gene

Front 28

Phenotype

Back 28

expression of the genotype

Front 29

Heterozygous alleles

Back 29

2 alleles for a given gene are not the same

Front 30

Homozygous Alleles

Back 30

2 alleles for a given gene are the same

Front 31

dominant allele

Back 31

allele that masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygous genotypes

Front 32

recessive allele

Back 32

allele whose effect in the phenotype is masked by the presence of a dominant allele.