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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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actin
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is a globular, roughly 42-kDa protein found in all eukaryotic cells (the only known exception being nematode sperm) where it may be present at concentrations of over 100 μM
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agonist
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The prime mover of any
skeletal movement |
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antagonist
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producing
opposite actions on the same joint |
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fascicles
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Muscle is composed of parallel units called
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myofiber (muscle fibers)
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an individual cell and thus
the single working unit of a muscle. (muscle fibers) |
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myosin
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are a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues. They are responsible for actin-based motility.
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myofibril
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Muscle fibers are composed of myofibrils, which are composed of filaments sometimes called myofilaments)
◦ Striations are due to filaments |
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motor unit
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Each alpha motor neuron and
the myofibers it innervates make up a motor unit |
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agglutination
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can lead to blockage of small blood vessels and cause hemolysis, damaging kidneys and other organs
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agranular leukocytes
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A type of white blood cell, including lymphocytes and monocytes, characterized by the absence of cytoplasmic granules and by a relatively large spherical or indented nucleus
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formed elements
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the cellular stuff; mostly RBCs (45%)
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granular leukocytes
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type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules (tiny sacs) containing enzymes that digest microorganisms
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plasma
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the liquid part (55%)
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universal donor
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Type O– :“Universal Donor”
◦ can donate to all types safely |
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universal recipient
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Type AB+ :“Universal Recipient”
◦ can receive from all types safely |
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bradycardia
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slower than 60 bpm
◦ parasympathetic inhibition of SA node ◦ symptoms include fatigue, fainting, dizziness, or lightheadedness |
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depolarization
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is a change in a cell's membrane potential, making it more positive, or less negative
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fibrillation
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600 bpm, uncoordinated heart contractions
caused by circus rhythms, where some cardiac cells emerge from the refractory period before other cardiac cells allows impulses to run continuously, independent of SA node results in uncoordinated contractions and ineffectual pumping action |
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flutter
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300 bpm, coordinated heart contractions
◦ usually degenerates into atrial fibrillation |
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Korotkoff sound
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are the sounds that medical personnel listen for when they are taking blood pressure using a non-invasive procedure
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refractory period
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prevents
another stimulation until full relaxation has occurred ◦ ~ 200 to 300 milliseconds ◦ So tetanus is not possible! |
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repolarization
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change in membrane potential that returns the membrane potential to a negative value after the depolarization phase of an action potential has just previously changed the membrane potential to a positive value
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tachycardia
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faster than 100 bpm
◦ sympathetic stimulation of SA node ◦ can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation |
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pulse pressure
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reflection of stroke volume (normal ≈ 40 mmHg)
pulse pressure = systolic pressure – diastolic pressure |
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acidosis
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is an increased acidity (i.e. an increased hydrogen ion concentration)
is excessive acid in the body fluids a fall below 7.35pH (caused by hypoventilation) |
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alkalosis
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is a condition in which the body fluids have excess base
a rise above 7.45pH (caused by hyperventilation) |
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buffer
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is a system of molecules and ions that acts
to prevent changes in H+ concentration and thus serves to stabilize the pH of a solution |
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expiratory reserve volume
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Maximum volume of additional air that
can be expired after normal expiration |
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forced expiratory volume
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percentage of vital capacity
that can be exhaled in the first second |
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functional residual capacity
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Volume remaining after normal
expiration |
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inspiratory reserve volume
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Maximum amount of additional air inspired after normal
inspiration |
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obstructive lung disorder
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category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction
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residual volume
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Volume of air remaining in the lung
after a maximal expiration; cannot be measured with a spirometer |
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restrictive lung disorder
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category of respiratory disease characterised by a loss of lung compliance,[1] causing incomplete lung expansion and increased lung stiffness.
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tidal volume
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Amount of gas inspired or expired with
each breath |
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total lung capacity
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Volume of air after maximal inspiration
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vital capacity
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volume expelled after maximun ispiration
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dialysis
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primarily used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function due to renal failure
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enzyme
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are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions.
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hydrolysis
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Large food molecules are broken down into smaller
components (polymers to monomers) |
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substrate
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a molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme
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