Biology Lab

Front 1

chloroplast

Back 1

plastid containing chlorophyll which is the site of photosynthesis

Front 2

cilia

Back 2

short hairlike organelles on the surface of a cell responsible for cell movement (ex, paramecium) or the movement of particles over the surface of a cell (ex, cells lining the respiratory tract)

Front 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 3

a system of membrane-bound tubules in the cytoplasm which:
1) may have ribosomes attached (RER) and is the site of the synthesis of certain proteins or
2) is w/o ribosomes (SER) and is the site of metabolism of certain drugs like barbiturates, tranquilizers and alcohol and the synthesis of certain lipids.

Front 4

flagellum

Back 4

long whip-like organelle responsible for cell motility in certain single-celled organisms (ex, Euglena) and sperm cells.

Front 5

Golgi Bodies

Back 5

organelles important in processing molecules for export from the cell.

Front 6

lysosome

Back 6

organelle containing enzymes (organic catalyst, usually a protein that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape) capable of digesting the contents of the cell.

Front 7

mitochondrion

Back 7

organelle responsible for producing the usable energy (ATP) for a cell.

Front 8

nucleus

Back 8

organelle containing the genetic information (DNA) of the cell

Front 9

ribosome

Back 9

organelle that is the actual site of protein synthesis

Front 10

vacuole

Back 10

membrane-bound sac within a cell used for various purposes (food digestion, water expulsion and storage.

Front 11

Cells

Back 11

the structural and functional units of living organisms are cells. Cells come in many different shapes and sizes, but they share many general characteristics.

Front 12

Unicellular

Back 12

the smallest living organisms consisting of a single cell.

Front 13

Multicellular

Back 13

in multicellular organisms, there are several different cell types, each performing a specific function.

Front 14

Prokaryotic

Back 14

on the basis of their internal organization, all cells can be categorized into two basic types, one being prokaryotes. prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus, but do have DNA. prokaryotic cells are lacking membrane-bound organelles but do have ribosomes. certain unicellular organisms, bacteria and cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae" are prokaryotic.

Front 15

Eukaryotic

Back 15

Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have organelles. many unicellular organisms and all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic.

Front 16

Nucleus

Back 16

a membrane-bound structure containing DNA, the genetic information of the cell.

Front 17

Organelles

Back 17

"little organs", that have specialized jobs in eukaryotic cells to carry out. organelles vary in size, and with a few exceptions (nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria) are so small that they cannot be seen with the compound microscope. some organelles are- nucleus, mitochondria, edoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, cilia, and flagella.

Front 18

Cell membrane

Back 18

an outer boundary surrounding cells, which regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.

Front 19

Cytoplasm

Back 19

contents of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane that contains the organelles. within a cell, a "cell sap", a clear semi-fluid matrix; various organelles are embedded in cytoplasm.

Front 20

Cell Wall

Back 20

in addition to a cell membrane, plant cells have a cell wall that is exterior to the cell membrane. cell walls serve to support and protect the cell but do not interfere with movement of molecules across the membrane.

Front 21

Are bacteria pro or euk cells?

Back 21

prokaryotic

Front 22

Are Protists (amoeba, paramecium, euglena) pro or euk?

Back 22

Eukaryotic

Front 23

Are plants (elodea, potato) pro or euk?

Back 23

Eukaryotic

Front 24

Are animal cells (cheek cells) pro or euk?

Back 24

Eukaryotic

Front 25

Bacteria

Back 25

unicellular. Although bacteria are perceived as being harmful, they are important for proper body function (digestion) the environment, antibiotics, yogurt, sour cream. Have three shapes: bacilli or rod shaped, cocci or spheres, and spirilli or spirals.

Front 26

Amoeba

Back 26

protist, and a unicellular organism that can be found in fresh water streams and ponds.

Front 27

amoeboid movement

Back 27

cell that moves and engulfs debris with pseudopods.

Front 28

cytoplasmic streaming

Back 28

the movement of the fluid substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell. The motion transports nutrients, proteins, and organelles within cells.
"engulfing prey"

Front 29

pseudopodia

Back 29

"false feet", in both movement and engulfing its prey, the amoeba forms cytoplasmic extensions, and captures its prey by surrounding it with the pseudopodia and then digests its food within the membrane bound food vacuoles.

Front 30

food vacuoles

Back 30

The Amoeba captures its prey by surrounding it with the pseudopodia and then digests its food within membrane bound food vacuoles. found in protazoans

Front 31

phagocytosis

Back 31

process by which amoeboid cells engulf large substances, forming an intracellular vacuole.

Front 32

contractile vacuole

Back 32

an organelle that pumps water out of the cell.

Front 33

What are the steps of the life of an amoeba, and describe the steps.

Back 33

1) amoeboid movement and cytoplasmic streaming
2) pseudopodia
3) food vacuoles
4) phagocytosis (process of steps 1-3)
5) contractile vacuole

Front 34

Paramecium

Back 34

single celled. The paramecium is a protozoan that has some of the same features as the Amoeba- it moves, ingests food particles, digests food in vacuoles and removes excess water via contractile vacuoles. BUT- it is covered with cilia, short hairs that enable this organism to move and feed. it has a flexible pellicle formed from protein just inside the cell membrane.

Front 35

pellicle

Back 35

thin protective membrane in some protozoa. formed from protein just inside the cell membrane.

Front 36

Euglena

Back 36

unicellular alga which has both plant-like and animal-like characteristics, and is a common inhabitant of pond water. They have a red eyespot. If Euglena is kept in the dark, it can live by ingesting food particles by phagocytosis similar to the Amoeba. For its movement, Euglena rely on a long whip-like flagellum. euglena lacks a cell wall, but has a flexible pellicle formed from protein just inside the cell membrane.

Front 37

"eyespot"

Back 37

pigment spot that allows it to recognize the direction of light so that it can carry out photosynthesis in its chloroplasts.

Front 38

photosynthesis

Back 38

process by which plants and algea make their own food using the energy of the sun.

Front 39

Elodea

Back 39

an aquatic plant that's commonly grown in aquaria. looking under the scope, one should see:
cell wall, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, detect cyclosis, and see a vacuole surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm though both is clear.

Front 40

chlorophyll

Back 40

green pigment that captures solar energy during photosynthesis.

Front 41

cyclosis

Back 41

the movement of cytoplasm and organelles with the cell. Ex, can be seen in the elodea plant cell

Front 42

starch grains

Back 42

within the cytoplasm of the potato cells, they are colorless oval structures.

Front 43

epithelial

Back 43

cheek cells are epithelial, which occur in epithelial tissue. a type of tissue that lines hollow organs and covers surfaces; also called epithelium.