Biology 11 Exam Review: Kingdom Animalia Pt. 1

Front 1

Sessile

Back 1

Not able to move around; stuck in one location

Front 2

Mesoglea

Back 2

A (false) middle layer

Front 3

Ganglion

Back 3

A primitive brain, really a collection of nerve cells

Front 4

Cleavage

Back 4

~ Refers to cell division in the early embryo

~ 2 Cells

Front 5

Ventral

Back 5

The (belly) side of an organism; Lower surface

Front 6

Dorsal

Back 6

The (back) side of an organism; Upper surface

Front 7

Anterior

Back 7

The (head) end of an organism

Front 8

Prosterior

Back 8

The (bum) end of an organism

Front 9

Radial Symmetry

Back 9

~ Parts radiate from a central point, like spokes of a wheel. Organism has definite dorsal and ventral surfaces, but no front, back, right, or left sides

~ Example: Hydra, Sea Anenome

Front 10

Asymmetry

Back 10

~ No symmetry; There is no fixed arrangement of body parts.

~ Example: Coral, Sponge, Amoeba

Front 11

Bilateral Symmetry

Back 11

~ Parts are arranged on either side of a central axis. One side is a mirror image of the other. Organism has dorsal and ventral sides, as well as an anterior end prosterior end, right side and left side.

~ Example: Crab, Spider

Front 12

Blastula

Back 12

A hollow ball of cells

Front 13

Gastrula

Back 13

~ Reorganization of the blastula into 3 germ or tissue layers as cells move inward from the surface, forming a two layered cup shaped embryo.

Front 14

Ectoderm

Back 14

Outer layer, gives rise to the skin, nerves and sense organs

Front 15

Endoderm

Back 15

Inner layer, gives rise to the digestive tract and respiratory system.

Front 16

Mesoderm

Back 16

Middle layer, gives rise to the circulatory system, muscles and reproductive and excretory organs.

Front 17

Protostome

Back 17

~ An animal with a blastopore that develops into a mouth.

~ Examples: Earthworms, Clams, Squids, and Insects

Front 18

Deuterostome

Back 18

~ An animal with a blastopore that develops into an anus.

~ Examples include vertebrates, sea stars and their relatives, and humans

Front 19

Blastospore

Back 19

An opening in tissue development which may become the mouth or the anus

Front 20

Pseudocoelom

Back 20

~ Partially lined body cavity (false coelom)

~ Mesoderm cells line the ectoderm side of the body cavity but not the endoderm side.

~ Examples: Roundworms such as nematode.

Front 21

Coelom

Back 21

~ Fully lined body cavity within the mesoderm

~ Animals that have a true coelom are called coelomates

~ Examples: Segmented Worms, Earthworm

~ Most advanced

~ Advantages: Provides a place for the development of more complex organ system, The fluid-filled space cushions internal organs and keeps them from being affected by the movement of surrounding muscles.

~ Humans are coelomates.

Front 22

Acoelom

Back 22

~ Mesoderm forms a solid layer of tissue between the endoderm and the ectoderm. (Without a coelom)

~ Sandwich model

~ Animals are called acoelomates

~ Examples: Flatworms such as planaria

~ Least advanced

Front 23

Tube within a tube body plan

Back 23

~ Have an entrance for food and an exit for waste. Two openings allow specialization of parts to occur along the length of the tube.

~ Most Advanced

Front 24

Sac body plan

Back 24

Have only one opening, which is used both as an entrance for food and an exit for waste.

Front 25

Outstanding Characteristics Of Kingdom Animalia

Back 25

1. Multicellular

2. Eukaryotic cells lacking plastids and photosynthetic pigments

3. Nutrition primarily ingestive with digestion in an internal cavity

4. High level of organization and tissue differentiation in higher forms

5. Development of sensory-neuromotor systems

6. Motility by contractile fibres

7. Reproduction primarily sexual

Front 26

Spherical Symmetry

Back 26

The organism is shaped like a sphere and has body parts that radiate from the center of the sphere.

Front 27

Segmentation

Back 27

Arrangement of body parts in which some or all of the body are divided into repeating units

Front 28

How does movement of animals with radial symmetry compare to that of animals with bilateral symmetry?

Back 28

The animal with bilateral symmetry tend to be able to move quickly. Radical symmetrical animals tend to be slow moving or sessile.

Front 29

Why are animals with segmentation considered to be more evolutionarily advanced than organisms lacking segmentation?

Back 29

Because segmentation allows for specialization of body parts and an overall more complex body

Front 30

Body Plan Of Human

Back 30

~ Bilateral Symmetry

~ Segmentation is evident in the spine, anterior region contains sense organs, posterior end

Front 31

Tissue Development

Back 31

Using the similarities in tissue development, scientists can reveal relationships that might not be inferred by comparing the bodies of adult animals.

Front 32

Homeostasis

Back 32

A relatively stable internal environment

Front 33

Tissue

Back 33

A group of similar cells that preform a particular function

Front 34

Primary Waste Of Cells

Back 34

CO2 & Ammonia

Front 35

Cephalization

Back 35

Concentration of nerve cells and sense organs at the front end of the body