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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cellular respiration and what are its 3 stages? |
- Harvests energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen 1. Glycolysis: breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules 2. Kreb's Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle/TCA Cycle: completes breakdown of glucose 3. Oxidative phosphorylation: accounts for most of the ATP synthesis |
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Fermentation |
- Harvests energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen |
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Redox reactions - what happens in oxidation? - what happens in oxidation? - define reducing agent and oxidizing agent |
- aka oxidation-reduction reactions - oxidation: substance loses an electron (LEO) - reduction: substance gains an electron (GER) - reducing agent: electron donor - oxidizing agent: electron acceptor |
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Give a brief summary of what happens during cellular respiration |
- Glucose is oxidized (loses electrons/Hs) and yields CO2 - O2 is reduced (gains electrons/Hs) and yields H20 - The transfer of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules, which makes ATP |
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Why do animals need to breathe oxygen to live? |
- it is the giant electronegative "catcher's mitt" of the electron transport chain |
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3 things that mess with cellular respiration |
1. arsenic: inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in Kreb's cycle 2. cyanide: blocks Complex IV by binding irreversibly to Cytochrome Oxidase 3. DNP (diet drug in the 50s) makes inner membrane of mitochondria "leaky, allows H+ to flow back into the matrix without going through ATP synthase |
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What are the two different ways to make ATP in cellular respiration? |
1. substrate-level phosphorylation (ATP produced from phosphorylated substrate) 2. oxidative phosphorylation (ATP production from oxidation-reduction reactions) |
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What are the 4 steps of oxidative phosphorylation? |
1. a rotor spins clockwise when H+ flows past 2. a stator holds the knob stationary 3. a stalk extending into the knob spins, activating catalytic sites 4. three catalytic sites in the stationary knob join Pi + ADP to produce ATP |
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What are the steps in substrate-level phosphorylation? |
sfsa |
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Hans Adolf Krebs |
discovered citric acid cycle |
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Fritz Albert Lipmann |
discovered coenzyme A |
