Biology-Johnson-Raven, Ch 2

Front 1

cytoskeleton

Back 1

meshlike network of several kinds of protein fibers which support the cell shape and anchor the organelles

Front 2

collagen

Back 2

most abundant protein in your body, a fibrous protein that forms the matrix of skin, ligaments, tendons and bones.

Front 3

cytoplasm

Back 3

everything inside the cell membrane except the cell's genetic material

Front 4

acid

Back 4

compound that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Front 5

electron

Back 5

-tiny particles spinning around the nucleus in an atom
-carry negative charge

Front 6

cilia

Back 6

flagella which are numerous, shorter, and organized in tightly packed rows

Front 7

glycogen

Back 7

longer chains of glucose-containing fragments broken down from starch in digestive process

Front 8

amino acid

Back 8

building block of proteins--20 different kinds used by humans

Front 9

compound

Back 9

-group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
-represented by chemical formulas like NaCl (table salt) and H2O (water)

Front 10

centriole

Back 10

cylindrical organelles formed by microtubules to help move chromosomes during cell division

Front 11

enzyme

Back 11

proteins which assist the chemical reactions of metabolism

Front 12

carbohydrate

Back 12

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in proportion of 1:2:1
General formula: (CH2O)n, were n is the number of carbon atoms

Front 13

hydrogen bond

Back 13

-weak chemical bond that forms between two polar molecules

Front 14

cellulose

Back 14

major component of plant cell walls. Provides structural support for plants.

Front 15

DNA

Back 15

-deoxyribonucleic acid
-stores hereditary information in the cells

Front 16

cell membrane

Back 16

aka plasma membrane
all cells have one, it separates the cell's contents from materials outside the cell. Helps maintain homeostasis.

Front 17

evolution

Back 17

change of organisms over time

Front 18

central vacuole

Back 18

-large internal storage space in plant cells, where plant cells store waste products, water and nutrients.
-creates rigidity for plant.

Front 19

eukaryotic

Back 19

-first cells with internal compartments
-evolved about 1.5 billion yrs ago
-have a nucleus and organelles

Front 20

base

Back 20

any substance that ionizes to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases lower hydrogen ion concentration of water

Front 21

flagella

Back 21

-long threadlike organelles which protrude from surface of many eukaryotic cells
-useful in locomotion

Front 22

cell theory (3 parts)

Back 22

1. all living things are composed of 1 or more cells
2. in organisms, cells are basic units of structure and function
3. cells are produced only from existing cells

Front 23

element

Back 23

-substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by ordinary chemical means
-there are over 100 elements, each denoted with a 1-,2-, or 3-letter symbol

Front 24

atom

Back 24

-cell's smallest components
-all living and nonliving things are composed of atoms
-cloud of electrons that spin around a nucleus

Front 25

Golgi apparatus

Back 25

-packaging and distribution center of the cell
-determine where a protein or lipid manufactured by the cell will go

Front 26

chromosome

Back 26

-DNA and associated proteins organized into rod-shaped structures
-cells of your body contain 46 chromosomes each except for egg or sperm cells (23), red blood cells (0), and some specialized tissues

Front 27

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 27

-extensive system of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells
-composed of lipid bilayer with embedded proteins
-creates channels between membranes

Front 28

ion

Back 28

some atoms which react with other atoms to form particles with unequal numbers of electrons and protons

Front 29

ionic bond

Back 29

force of attraction between a positive and negative ion