Biology Ii Skeletal

Front 1

Explain difference between axial and appendiclar skeletons

Back 1

axial: head, neck, trunk; 80
appendicular: appendages, girdles; 126

Front 2

Total number of bones in human skeleton

Back 2

206

Front 3

Where is yellow marrow produced? And what do we find stored in yellow marrow?

Back 3

In medullary canal; lipids (fat)

Front 4

Where is red marrow produced? And what is stored in red marrow?

Back 4

epiphysis/spongy bone; RBC, WBC, platelets

Front 5

What is another name for growth plate?

Back 5

epiphysial plate

Front 6

What is the term used to describe the shaft of the bone?

Back 6

diaphysis

Front 7

Where is spongy bone located?

Back 7

epiphysis

Front 8

Where is compact bone located?

Back 8

diaphysis

Front 9

What is the fibrous, connective tissue that surrounds the bone?

Back 9

periosteum

Front 10

The location/point where the ends of the bone/shaft meet.

Back 10

metaphysis

Front 11

What is another name for a soft spot?

Back 11

fontanel

Front 12

Where does primary osification begin? What age?

Back 12

shaft/diaphysis; 5/6th week of embryonic development

Front 13

Where does secondary osification begin?

Back 13

epiphysis - complete at birth

Front 14

4 sinuses (superior to inferior)

Back 14

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

Front 15

Mature bone cell

Back 15

osteocyte

Front 16

Immature bone cell

Back 16

osteoblast

Front 17

A bone cell that breaks down old bone tissue

Back 17

osteoclast

Front 18

An unspecialized bone cell that undergoes miotic change

Back 18

osteoprogenital cell

Front 19

Another name for bone tissue

Back 19

osseous

Front 20

4 functions of the skeletal system

Back 20

movement, rotection, mineal storage, blood cell production, attachment for muscles, energy storage

Front 21

the matrix that makes up bone tissue: What percent is water, protein, and calcium phosphorus?

Back 21

25% water, 25% proteins, 50% calcium phosphorus

Front 22

What is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral bones?

Back 22

intramembranous: flat bones; skull, rib
endochondral: round bones; humerus

Front 23

What two primary mineral salts do bones store?

Back 23

calcium and phosphorus

Front 24

List three things that control bone growth

Back 24

genetics, hormones, diet, mmineral storage

Front 25

How does bone grow in diameter?

Back 25

laying down new tissue

Front 26

How does the bone grow in length?

Back 26

mitotic division at growth plate

Front 27

What is a break in the bone called?

Back 27

fracture

Front 28

What is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue?

Back 28

remodeling

Front 29

What is mesenchymal tissue?

Back 29

embryonic tissue

Front 30

What connects muscle to bone?

Back 30

tendon

Front 31

What connects bone to bone?

Back 31

ligaments

Front 32

When you have a fracture, what are the four steps of the healing process?

Back 32

forms hemotoma, forms soft callus, forms soft callus, remodeling

Front 33

A greenstick fracture: adult or child?

Back 33

child

Front 34

Articulation describes what?

Back 34

to move with

Front 35

What occurs in calcification?

Back 35

when minerals are deposited in collagen

Front 36

What gives bones its tensile strength? And what gives bone its hardness?

Back 36

collagen fibers; minerals

Front 37

What is the difference between true and false ribs?

Back 37

true: connected to sternum by hyaline cartilage
false: 1st connected to each other by cartilage then to sternum

Front 38

"Foramen" means what?

Back 38

opening

Front 39

An increase in the production of GH (Growth Hormone) is linked to what syndrome?

Back 39

acromegaly

Front 40

What is the space/cavity in the bone called?

Back 40

sinus

Front 41

4 differences between adult/child skeleton

Back 41

suture lines are wide, space between cranial bones, bones softer, orbits are larger, smaller nasal cavity, prominent forehead (all in child)

Front 42

What is a suture line?

Back 42

fibrous, connective tissue between bones

Front 43

What is the purpose of a foramen in the skeleton?

Back 43

for nerves/ligaments to travel through, muscles to connect, primarily nerve travel

Front 44

What allows head to pivot?

Back 44

atlas and axis

Front 45

What are some functions of the sinus cavities?

Back 45

reduce weight of skull, warm, filte, moisturize air, voice resonance

Front 46

How many curves are there in the spine?

Back 46

4

Front 47

What is the tissue that lines the medullary canal?

Back 47

endosteum

Front 48

The only bone that does not articulate with and other bone in the body.

Back 48

hyoid

Front 49

increase angle between bones

Back 49

extension

Front 50

decrease angle between bones

Back 50

flexion

Front 51

forward movement

Back 51

protraction

Front 52

backward movement

Back 52

retraction

Front 53

circular movement

Back 53

circumduction

Front 54

turning on an axis

Back 54

rotation

Front 55

lying on my stomach with my palms down

Back 55

pronation

Front 56

lying on back with palms facing up

Back 56

supination

Front 57

movement that raises the bone

Back 57

elevation

Front 58

the lowering of a bone

Back 58

depression

Front 59

away from the midline

Back 59

abduction

Front 60

toward the midline

Back 60

adduction

Front 61

movement that bends part beyond normal extension

Back 61

hyperextension

Front 62

movement that flexes foot towards sole (arch)

Back 62

plantar flexion

Front 63

hip and shoulder

Back 63

ball and socket

Front 64

thumb

Back 64

saddle

Front 65

elbow

Back 65

hinge

Front 66

wrist

Back 66

gliding

Front 67

atlas and axis

Back 67

pivot

Front 68

joint between metacarpals and phalanges

Back 68

condaloid

Front 69

vertebal column

Back 69

26

Front 70

cranial/facial

Back 70

22

Front 71

middle ears

Back 71

6

Front 72

hyoid

Back 72

1

Front 73

thoracic cage

Back 73

25

Front 74

pectoral girdle

Back 74

4

Front 75

upper limbs

Back 75

60

Front 76

pelvic girdle

Back 76

2

Front 77

lower limbs

Back 77

60