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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ultimate source of energy in nearly all ecosystems? |
The Sun. |
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What are characteristics of prokaryotic cells? |
Lacking a nucleus |
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Describe the structure of animal cells. |
Lacking a cell wall |
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Describe the Domain Eukarya |
Nucleus |
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Describe the characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Plantae. |
Cell walls and Photosynthesis |
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Describe the characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Fungi. |
Decompose and absorb remains
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What is a hypothesis? |
If, then statement. Attentive answer, it is possible |
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What is a control of an experiment? |
Use to compare with something |
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What are the properties of life? |
Order, regulation, growth and development, energy, response to environment, reproduction, evolution. |
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What is the ultimate cause of differences in organisms? |
Differences in DNA sequences. |
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Describe the characteristics of organisms in the Domain Bacteria. |
Lack a nucleus |
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Describe Darwin's views on natural selection |
Organisms won't change in their lifespan. |
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What are the causes of evolution? |
Heritable variations, reproductive success |
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If antibiotics are used on a population of bacteria and not all of them are killed, what would you expect the affects of the antibiotic be on the surviving bacteria? |
Resistance |
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Is evolution active or passive? |
Passive |
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What is technology? |
Genetic engineering, DNA sequences, or medicine, are all common examples |
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What is the date of the earliest fossils and what are they? |
3.5 billion years ago, they were prokaryotes. |
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What period is known as the, "Age of Reptiles?" |
Mesozoic |
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If Earth's history was one hour long, how long ago would humans have appeared? |
1 second ago. |
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How is radiometric dating used to determine the age of a fossil? |
Radioactive Isotopes |
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How long ago were modern continents beginning to take shape? |
65 million years ago |
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Continents and seafloors make up which layer of Earth? |
The Crust |
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What natural phenomena are caused by continental drift? |
Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountains |
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What is plate tectonics? |
Forces involved in moving the Earth's crust |
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During which period of Earth's history did 95% of marine species and many terrestrial species become extinct? |
Permian Extinction |
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What happens to the organisms that survive a mass extinction? |
Explosive increase in diversity levels and amounts |
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What factors contributed to the Cretaceous mass extinction? |
Asteroid, volcanic activity, and climate cooling |
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What is convergent evolution? |
Look alike because of same environments |
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What are homologous structures? |
Common ancestory |
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What are analogous structures? |
Look alike, but not related |
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What are the rules for writing scientific names? |
Genus capitalized, species lower cased and italicized |
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List the order of taxonomic categories from least complex to most complex |
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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What can be accomplished by using molecular systematics? |
Look for common ancestors, how related they are |
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What type of organisms are most animals alive today? |
Invertebrates |
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Animals evolved from what organism? |
Protists |
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What is radial symmetry? |
Round body plan: Body parts radiate from center |
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What are deuterostomes? |
Opening becomes anus; mouth forms second opening |
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What tissues do sponges possess? |
None |
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What are the characteristics of cnidarians? |
Cnidocytes (stinging cells) - 2 layers, jelly like stuffing polyps and medusa |
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What are the characteristics of flatworms? |
No anus, can live in any environment, gastro vascular activity |
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What are the characteristics of the phyla nematoda? |
Have a pseudocoelom and complete digestive tract |
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What are characteristics of mollusks? |
Separate sexes, coelom, circulatory system and rasping radula, no head |
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What are characteristics of annelids? |
Segmented bodies, anus, closed circulatory system |
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What are the characteristics of organisms in the Phylum Arthropoda? |
Exoskeleton, jointed appendages |
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3 main body parts of insects? |
Head, thorax, abdomen |
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What are unique characteristics of Echinoderms? |
Have a water vascular system |
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What phyla is most closely related to echinoderms? |
Chordates |
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What is the name of the event that describes the tremendous increase in animal diversity beginning about 542 million years ago? |
Cambrian Explosion |
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What type of symmetry accompanied the evolution of organisms in which a head was developed with a concentration of sensory structures? |
Bilateral symmetry |
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Define notochord. |
A long, supporting rod that runs the length of the body |
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What is a vertebrate? |
A chordate with a backbone |
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What are the 2 groups of nonvertebrate chordates? |
Tunicates and lancelets |
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Characteristics of most fishes? |
Gills, paired fins, some have scales and cartilage |
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In fishes what structure is responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange? |
The gills |
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What were the first vertebrates to evolve? |
Fish |
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Describe the blood flow of fishes |
Circuit and has 2 chambers, single loop system, closed circulatory system |
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What structure is responsible for the buoyancy of fishes? |
Swim bladder |
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What is the purpose of the lateral line system?
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Detect vibrations |
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What is the term used to describe fishes that have external fertilization? |
Oviparous |
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Lampreys are examples of what type of fishes? |
Jawless fish |
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What are the characteristics of Chondrichthyes? |
Made of cartilage |
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What are characteristics of Amphibians? |
Start with gills, lateral line system, no scales or claws |
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What feature distinguishes most fishes from most amphibians? |
Fish have scales |
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Describe how an amphibian larvae and the adult form breathe |
Gills for the larvae, lungs for the adults |
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What is the name of the cavity that the wastes from the digestive system, reproductive cells, and urine leave the body of a frog called? |
Cloaca |
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Describe the circulatory system of the frog |
2 circuits - 3 heart chambers |
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Why can frog eggs dry out easily?? |
No shells, no amniotic membrane |
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What is the purpose of the frog's tympanic membrane? |
Hearing |
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What are the characteristics of a salamander that separate it form frogs and toads? |
More long, slender, have tails |
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What are the characteristics of reptiles? |
Amniotes eggs, efficient lungs |
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How is the body plan of a snake different from other reptiles? |
No legs |
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What is the main reason for the great adaptive radiation of reptiles? |
Reproduce away fromw ater |
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What adaptations do reptiles have that allow it to live out of water unlike amphibians? |
Amniotic eggs |
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How do most reptiles exchange gases? |
Efficient lungs |
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Reptiles reproduce by internal fertilization and are oviparous. What does oviparous mean? |
Laying eggs |
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What is the difference between reptilian eggs and amphibian eggs? |
Reptilian eggs have shells and amphibian eggs stay in the water with no shells |
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What are characteristics of birds? |
Feathers, wings to fly, beaks to eat worms |
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Why are birds considered to be reptile-like animals? |
Claws and teeth |
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What is an endotherm animal? |
Inside- has to eat constantly |
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What are characteristics of mammals? |
Hair and mammary glands |
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What type of birth do most mammals have? |
Viviparous |
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Describe the mammalian circulatory system? |
Double-loop system |
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One group of mammals is reproductively different from the other two because its members ___________ |
lay eggs |
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What are egg-laying mammals called? |
Monotremes |
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A kangaroo belongs to which type of mammal? |
Marsupials |
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What is the function of the placenta? |
Devleopment |
