Biology Ii, Chapter 1, Organization Of The Body

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the structure of body parts

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

The study of the function of body parts

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

Smallest unit of matter; submicroscopic particles

Front 4

Atoms join together to form what?

Back 4

Molecule

Front 5

Molecules join together with other molecules to form what?

Back 5

Macromolecules

Front 6

Tiny membranous structures that perform cell functions

Back 6

organelles

Front 7

Which organelle supplies the cell with energy?

Back 7

Mitochondrion

Front 8

Which organelle is especially concerned with reproduction?

Back 8

Nucleus

Front 9

What is composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function?

Back 9

Tissue

Front 10

What is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function within the organ system

Back 10

Organ

Front 11

A group of related organs is called what

Back 11

Organ System

Front 12

This means that a body part is located above another part or toward the back of the head

Back 12

Superior

Front 13

This means that a body part is below another part or toward the feet

Back 13

Inferior

Front 14

Where is the Superior Vena Cava?

Back 14

In the chest

Front 15

Where is the Inferior Vena Cava?

Back 15

in the abdomen

Front 16

This means that the body part is located toward the front

Back 16

Anterior (ventral)

Front 17

This means that the a body part is located toward the back

Back 17

Posterior (dorsal)

Front 18

Is the windpipe (trachea) anterior or posterior to the esophagus

Back 18

Anterior

Front 19

Is the esophagus posterior or anterior to the windpipe

Back 19

posterior

Front 20

This means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body

Back 20

Medial

Front 21

This means that a body part is farther to the side of the midline

Back 21

Lateral

Front 22

Is the nose medial or lateral to the eyes?

Back 22

medial

Front 23

Are the ears medial or lateral to the eyes?

Back 23

lateral

Front 24

This means that a body part is closer to the point of attachment or closer to the trunk

Back 24

Proximal

Front 25

This means that a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from from the trunk

Back 25

Distal

Front 26

Is the lower arm proximal or distal to the elbow?

Back 26

distal

Front 27

Is the upper arm proximal or distal to the elbow?

Back 27

proximal

Front 28

This means that a body part is located near the surface

Back 28

Superficial (external)

Front 29

This means that the body part is located away from the surface

Back 29

Deep (internal)

Front 30

This means that a body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ.

Back 30

Central

Front 31

This means that a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ.

Back 31

Peripheral

Front 32

A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions is called what?

Back 32

Sagittal (vertical) plane

Front 33

A cut that divides the body horizontally to give a cross section is called what?

Back 33

A transverse (horizontal) plane

Front 34

A cut divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions is called what?

Back 34

A frontal (coronal) plane

Front 35

What body parts are included in the axial portion?

Back 35

head, neck and trunk

Front 36

What body parts are contained in the trunk or torso?

Back 36

thorax, abdomen and pelvis

Front 37

What body parts are included in the appendicular portion?

Back 37

limbs (arms and legs)

Front 38

What are the internal organs called?

Back 38

visceral organs

Front 39

What are the two main cavities of the body?

Back 39

The dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity

Front 40

The dorsal cavity can be divided into 2 parts. What are they and what do they contain?

Back 40

The cranial cavity which contains the brain and the spinal cavity which contains the spinal cord

Front 41

The ventral cavity is subdivided into two cavities. What are they?

Back 41

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 42

Membranes divide the thoracic cavity into 2 cavities. What are they?

Back 42

Pleural cavity and the Pericardial cavity

Front 43

What is contained in the pleural cavity?

Back 43

Right and left lung

Front 44

What is contained in the Pericardial cavity?

Back 44

Heart

Front 45

What is the mass of tissues and organs between the pleural cavities?

Back 45

Mediastinum

Front 46

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by a horizontal muscle called what?

Back 46

Diaphragm

Front 47

The abdominopelvic cavity has two portions. What are they?

Back 47

The upper abdominal cavity and the lower pelvic cavity.

Front 48

What are the organs contained in the abdominal cavity?

Back 48

stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines

Front 49

What are the organs contained in the lower pelvic cavity?

Back 49

rectum, the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs and the rest of the large intestine

Front 50

Males have an external extension of the abdominal wall. What is it called?

Back 50

Scrotum

Front 51

What is found in the scrotum?

Back 51

testes

Front 52

How many quadrants can the abdomen be divided into?

Back 52

four

Front 53

What is the upper right quadrant of the abdomen called

Back 53

Right Superior Quadrant

Front 54

What is the lower left quadrant of the abdomen called?

Back 54

Left Inferior Quadrant

Front 55

What is the upper left quadrant of the abdomen called?

Back 55

Left Superior Quadrant

Front 56

What is the lower right quadrant of the abdomen called?

Back 56

Right Inferior Quadrant

Front 57

How many regions are in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 57

Six

Front 58

What are the 6 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 58

Umbilical, lumbar, epigastric, hypochondria, hypogastric, iliac

Front 59

Which abdominopelvic cavity surrounds the umbilicus (navel)?

Back 59

umbilical

Front 60

Which abdominopelvic cavity is the central region superior to the umbilical region?

Back 60

epigastric

Front 61

Which abdominopelvic regions are to the right and left of the umbilical region?

Back 61

Lumbar

Front 62

Which abdominopelvic regions is the central region inferior to the umbilical region?

Back 62

hypogastric

Front 63

Which abdominopelvic regions are to the right and left of the hypogastric region?

Back 63

Illiac

Front 64

A process in which a functioning organ is received from a donor is called what?

Back 64

organ transplantation

Front 65

Which system includes the skin and accessory organs such as hair, nails, sweat glands?

Back 65

integumentary system

Front 66

What are the functions of skin?

Back 66

Protects underlying tissues; regulates body temperature; contains sense organs; systhesizes certain chemicals that affect the rest of the body

Front 67

What systems give body support and are involved in the ability of the body and its parts to move?

Back 67

Skeletal system and muscular system

Front 68

Which system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and associated nerves?

Back 68

nervous system

Front 69

Which system consists of the hormonal glands that secrete cheminals that serve as messengers between body parts.

Back 69

Endocrine system

Front 70

Which system helps maintain the proper functioning of the male and female reproductive organs?

Back 70

Endocrine System

Front 71

The heart and blood vessels are are part of which system?

Back 71

circulatory system

Front 72

Which system protects the body from disease?

Back 72

lymphatic system

Front 73

This system is responsible for the production of sperm to female reproductive system

Back 73

reproductive system

Front 74

this system takes care of the maintenance of volume and chemical composition of blood

Back 74

urinary system

Front 75

This system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food materials

Back 75

digestive system

Front 76

this system is responsible for immunity, absorption of fats, drainage of tissue fluid

Back 76

lymphatic system

Front 77

This system is responsible for the transport of nutrients to body cells; removal of wastes from cells

Back 77

circulatory system

Front 78

this system is responsible for the gaseous exchange between external environment and blood

Back 78

respiratory system

Front 79

this system is responsible for the secretion of hormones for chemical regulation

Back 79

endocrine system

Front 80

this system is responsible for the regulation of all body activities; learning and memory

Back 80

nervous system

Front 81

this system is responsible for body movement; and production of body heat

Back 81

muscular system

Front 82

this system is responsible for the internal support and protection; body movement; production of blood cells

Back 82

skeletal system

Front 83

this system is responsible for the external support and protection of the body

Back 83

integumentary system

Front 84

this represents a breakdown or upset in normal regulation

Back 84

Disease

Front 85

This system brings oxygen into the lungs and takes carbon dioxide out.

Back 85

Respiratory system

Front 86

This system receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules which can enter the cells of the body

Back 86

Digestive system

Front 87

This system rids the body of nitrogenous wasts and helps regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood

Back 87

urinary system

Front 88

The male reproductive systems consists of what?

Back 88

testes, other glands and various ducts.

Front 89

The female reproductive system consists of what?

Back 89

ovaries, oviducts, uterous, vagina, external genitalia

Front 90

What is the terms that means the human body's internal environment remains relatively constant regardless of conditions in the external environment?

Back 90

homeostasis

Front 91

Mechanism that is activated by a surplus imbalance and acts to correct it by stopping the process that brought about the surplus

Back 91

negative feedback

Front 92

A disease that is restricted to a specific part of the body

Back 92

local disease

Front 93

A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems

Back 93

systemic disease

Front 94

A disease that ocurs suddenly and lasts a short time is referred to as what?

Back 94

acute

Front 95

a disease that tends to be less severe, develops slowly and is long-term is called what?

Back 95

chronic

Front 96

what are the levels of organization of the body

Back 96

atom to molecules, macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organism

Front 97

a cut that divides the body into right and left portions is called what?

Back 97

sagittal

Front 98

What represents and upset in homeostasis

Back 98

disease