Biology I H - Chapter 1

Front 1

There are 6 themes that unify all branches of biology. These themes include:

Back 1

. Cell structure and function
. stability and homeostasis
. reproduction and inheritance
. evolution
. interdependence
. matter, energy and organization

Front 2

The ____ is the basic unit of life

Back 2

cell

Front 3

only one cell

Back 3

Unicellular organisms

Front 4

more than one cell

Back 4

Multicellular organisms

Front 5

The cells of multicellular organisms undergo _______________ to become different types of cells

Back 5

differentiation

Front 6

Although there are different types of cells, they are similar because they have ____ _________ and _______ ___

Back 6

cell membranes and contain DNA

Front 7

All living things maintain very stable ________ __________

Back 7

internal conditions

Front 8

The stable level is known as ___________

Back 8

homeostasis

Front 9

All organisms produce new organisms like themselves in the process of ____________

Back 9

reproduction

Front 10

organisms transmit hereditary information in the form of a large molecule called _______________ ____ to offspring

Back 10

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Front 11

A short segment of DNA that contains the code for the development of a specific trait is a ____

Back 11

gene

Front 12

In ______ ____________, hereditary information from two organisms of the same species is combined

Back 12

sexual reproduction

Front 13

In _______ ____________, a single cell divides into two cells, each with an identical copy of the genetic code of the parent

Back 13

asexual reproduction

Front 14

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction:

Back 14

Rapid reproduction
Does not rely on outside forces

Front 15

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction:

Back 15

Defects found in parents are found in offspring

Front 16

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction:

Back 16

Genetic recombination
Diversity

Front 17

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction:

Back 17

Longer reproductive cycle

Front 18

Organisms ______, or change, over generations

Back 18

evolve

Front 19

According to the theory of ________ _________, organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to successfully reproduce than organisms that lack these traits

Back 19

natural selection

Front 20

The survival of an organism with favorable traits causes a gradual change in the population over generations

Back 20

descent with modifications

Front 21

To fully understand the biological world, scientists study the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment

Back 21

ecology

Front 22

To survive, organisms need _________, _____, and _____ ____ ___ ___________

Back 22

nutrients, gases and water from the environment

Front 23

The stability of the environment depends upon the _______ ___________ __ ___ _________ __ ___ ___________

Back 23

healthy functioning of the organisms in the environment

Front 24

Almost all energy on Earth comes from the ___

Back 24

sun

Front 25

Through ______________, most plants and some unicellular organisms capture energy from the sun and change it into a useable form of energy

Back 25

photosynthesis

Front 26

obtain energy by producing their own food

Back 26

Autotrophs

Front 27

obtain energy by consuming autotrophs

Back 27

Heterotrophs

Front 28

All living things:

Back 28

Are made of the same basic chemical substances
Are composed of cells
Require water and a source of energy
Can reproduce and grow
Have limited lifespans
Can respond to their surroundings
Have the ability to move
Are able to repair injuries to self
Undergo change over time

Front 29

Of the 40 million living species on Earth, only _ _______ have been identified

Back 29

2 million

Front 30

Adult body is composed of approximately __ ________ cells

Back 30

50 trillion