Biology Hsa

Front 1

Hypothesis

Back 1

A statement on how the independent variable will affect the dependent variable. In if/then form

Front 2

Observation

Back 2

gaining knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data using scientific instruments.

Front 3

Data

Back 3

information or facts usually collected as the result of experience, observation or experiment,

Front 4

Dependent Variable

Back 4

The variable that is measured in the experiment. This variable depends on the factor that is changed.

Front 5

Independent Variable

Back 5

The factor that is changed in an experiment.

Front 6

Controlled Experiment

Back 6

an experiment that only tests one variable and controls all other outside forces

Front 7

Bias

Back 7

a preference towards

Front 8

polar molecule

Back 8

a molecule with a negative pole and a positive pole

Front 9

pH Scale

Back 9

a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. Measured on a scale from 0-1

Front 10

acid

Back 10

a solution with a pH below 7

Front 11

base

Back 11

a solution with a pH above 7

Front 12

density

Back 12

mass per unit volume

Front 13

inorganic molecule

Back 13

molecule that does not contain carbon

Front 14

organic molecule

Back 14

molecule containing carbon

Front 15

solvent

Back 15

a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution

Front 16

buffer

Back 16

solutions that is used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value

Front 17

carbohydrate

Back 17

an organic molecule made of monosaccharides (simple sugars). Provide quick energy for living things.

Front 18

monosaccharide

Back 18

organic monomers that are the building blocks of carbohydrates (sugar)

Front 19

glucose

Back 19

carbohydrate produced by plants during photosynthesis that fuels cellular respiration

Front 20

cellulose

Back 20

carbohydrate made by plants and used as a structural component in the cell wall

Front 21

starch

Back 21

carbohydrate produced by plants to store energy

Front 22

lipids

Back 22

the biological molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane and also used to store high energy. Made of the structural components fatty acids and glycerol.

Front 23

nucleic acid

Back 23

macromolecules that make up RNA and DNA. Contain the organism's genetic infomation for making proteins

Front 24

nucleotide

Back 24

a three-part unit made of a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogen base

Front 25

DNA

Back 25

deoxyribonucleic acid made of macromolecules called nucleic acids. In the form of a double helix, it holds all the genetic information for an organism.

Front 26

RNA

Back 26

ribonucleic acid. made of macromolecules called nucleic acids. Single stranded message that has been transcribed.

Front 27

Protein

Back 27

an organic molecule made up of amino acids. These determine the future structure and function of a cell and therefore the traits of the organism. (Enzymes are a type of these)

Front 28

amino acid

Back 28

The building blocks of proteins which are coded for by RNA.

Front 29

enzyme

Back 29

Work on specif areas called substrates to speed up chemical reactions. Work best in a narrow range of conditions (pH and temperature)

Front 30

substrate

Back 30

A molecule upon which an enzyme acts to speed up a reaction

Front 31

vitamin

Back 31

organic compounds used in the body for healing, clotting, growth, etc.(C, D, K)

Front 32

mineral

Back 32

an inorganic molecules that are used in cellular processes (calcium, potassium, etc.)

Front 33

toxin

Back 33

A toxin is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms

Front 34

Nucleus

Back 34

Control center of the cell. Holds all of a prokaryotic cells DNA

Front 35

Organelle

Back 35

a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid membrane.

Front 36

Ribosome

Back 36

the organelle found in the endoplasmic reticulum that gets instructions from the nucleus on how to assemble proteins

Front 37

Mitochondria

Back 37

releases energy from glucose to generate ATP.

Front 38

Chloroplast

Back 38

Takes energy from the sun and stores it as glucose

Front 39

Cell Wall

Back 39

a tough, flexible and sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. (made of cellulose)

Front 40

Cilia

Back 40

Hair like structures used to increase surface area and movement

Front 41

Flagella

Back 41

Tail like structure used for movement

Front 42

Pseudopodia

Back 42

"False foot" Extensions used by amoebas to move and eat.