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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abiotic factors |
Non living factors |
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Abscission |
The fall of leaves, repressed by auxins |
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Acetyl coenzyme A |
From link reaction in respiration |
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Acetylation |
Addition of acetyl group e.g. histone modification in translational control |
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Action potential |
Charge in potential difference across the neurone membrane when stimulated (+40mv) |
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Active transport |
The movement of particles across a plasma membrane, using energy e.g. reabsorption in PCT |
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Adenosine diphosphate |
ADP, formed by hydrolysis of ATP e.g. muscle contraction |
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Adenosine triphosphate |
ATP |
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Agglutinins |
Chemicals that cause pathogens to clump together |
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Alkaloids |
Bitter tasting compounds in plants, can effect metabolism |
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Allele |
Version of a gene |
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Allopatric speciation |
Speciation occuring as a result of a physical barrier |
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Amino acid |
Monomer used to build polypeptides and proteins |
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Ammonification |
Conversion of nitrogen compounds into ammonium compounds |
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Anabolic steroids |
Drugs which increase muscle mass |
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Anabolism |
Metabolism reaction constructing molecules from smaller units |
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Analogous structures |
Structures that have adapted to the same function from different origins |
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Anaphase |
3rd stage where chromatids are separated to opposite poles |
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Antibodies |
Y-shaped glycoproteins made by B cells against antigens |
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Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) |
Increases permeability of DCT and collecting duct, released from pituitary gland |
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Antigen |
Identifying chemical on th surface of a cell, triggering immune response |
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Antigen - antibody complex |
Complex formed when an antibody binds to antigen |
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Antigen presenting cell (APC) |
Cell which displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complex on their surface e.g. macrophage |
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Antisense strand |
DNA strand that is complimentary to sense strand and acts as a template |
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Antitoxins |
Chemicals that bind to toxins from pathogens so they no longer have an effect |
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Apical dominance |
Growth and dominance of the main shoot over lateral shoots via auxin |
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Apoplast |
Cell walls and intracellular space in plant cells |
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Apoplast route |
Movement of substances through the cell wall/spaces through diffusion |
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Apoptosis |
Controlled cell death e.g. removal of skin from between fingers |
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Arrhythmia |
Abnormal rhythm of the heart |
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Artefacts |
Objects created created through processing of the specimen |
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Artificial active immunity |
Immunity from safe exposure to pathogen e.g. vaccines |
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Artificial passive immunity |
Immunity from exposure to antibodies from another animal e.g. tetanus from horse blood |
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Artificial twinning |
Process of producing monozygotic twins artificially |
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Aseptic techniques |
Used to culture organisms in sterile conditions to avoid contamination |
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Asexual reproduction |
Production of genetically identical offspring to parents |
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Assimilates |
Products of photosynthesis that are transported around a plant e.g. sucrose |
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Atrial fibrillation |
Abnormal rhythm of the heart where atria beats very fast |
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Atrioventricular node |
Stimulates the ventricles to contract after the atrial contraction |
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Autoimmune disease |
Illness resulting from autoimmune response |
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Autoimmune response |
Where immune system acts against own cells and destroys healthy tissue e.g. diabetes type 1, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Autonomic nervous system |
Nervous system under subconscious control |
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Autosomal linkage |
Genes present on the same, non-sex chromosome |
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Autotrophic |
Organisms that synthesise complex molecules from inorganic sources e.g. sunlight |
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Auxins |
Plant hormones used in cell elongation, inhibit lead fall, apical dominance, fruit ripening |
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Anticodon loop |
Loop of 3 bases complimentary to codon |
