Biology (Fox, Test 1)

Front 1

what are protiens?

Back 1

large, functional molecules composed of amino acids

Front 2

what are lipids?

Back 2

fats
oils/steroids/phospholipids

Front 3

What is a phospholipid composed of in its structure?

Back 3

a phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid chains

Front 4

What are nucleic acids compsed of in their structure?

Back 4

a phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base

Front 5

Protein structure is determined by __________, __________, __________.

Back 5

primary sequence, hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction

Front 6

What are protein functions?

Back 6

structural, transport, receptors, toxins, immune/defense

Front 7

What is the building block of steroids?

Back 7

cholestoral

Front 8

What is the basic characteristic of steroids?

Back 8

4 interlocking carbon rings

Front 9

Describe saturated and unsaturated fats

Back 9

saturated fats: solid at room temp, animal fats, contain no double bonds in the fatty acid chains

unsaturated fats: liquid at room temp, contain double-bonds in fatty-acid chains

Front 10

_______ refers to condensation/building

Back 10

polymerization

Front 11

What are isomers?

Back 11

molecules with the same ratio of each particular atom but are arranged/bound together differently

Front 12

What are structural isomers?

Back 12

molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different in their covalent bonding (glucose and fructose)

Front 13

What are geometric isomers?

Back 13

covalent bonding remains the same but the spatial arrangement of functional groups differ (galactose)

Front 14

The atomic number tells you the ___________ for an atom

Back 14

chemical properties

Front 15

The atomic mass tells you the __________ for an atom

Back 15

chemical behaviour

Front 16

What is an ion?

Back 16

an atom that can give off or accept electrons creating an electric charge

Front 17

What are 2 examples of ions?

Back 17

cation (pos. charge)
anion (neg. charge)

Front 18

What is a hydrogen bond?

Back 18

a specific type of covalent bond that involves an H and O;
usually creates a polar molecule (partial charges)

Front 19

Electrical attraction where partially negatively charged hydrogen atoms attract partially positive charged hydrogen atoms of nearby water molecules

Back 19

hydrogen bond

Front 20

What are the properties of water?

Back 20

-able to absorb a lot of energy
- has cohesive properties (water molecules stick together)
- has adhesive properties (water molecules stick to other items

Front 21

_____ is the tendency to stick to polar surfaces having slight charges that attract polar water molecules

Back 21

adhesion

Front 22

________ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1degree Celsius

Back 22

high specific heat

Front 23

_______ is the amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Back 23

high heat of vaporization

Front 24

What is an atom?

Back 24

the smallest possible particle of an element

Front 25

What is an element?

Back 25

a substance that can neither be broken down nor converted to different substances by ordinary chemical means

Front 26

_______ is a compound that tends to maintain a solution at a constant pH by accepting or releasing _____ in response to small changes in its concentration

Back 26

buffer;
hydrogen atoms

Front 27

If the hydrogen concentration rises, buffers _________
and if the hydrogen concentration falls, buffers _________

Back 27

combine with them;
release hydrogen

Front 28

What are examples of buffers?

Back 28

bicarbonate HCO(3)
phosphate H(2)PO(4) and HPO(4)^2

Front 29

______ is the smallest particle that will retain its specific chemical properties

Back 29

atom

Front 30

________ is anything that occupies space and composed of atoms and has mass

Back 30

mass

Front 31

________ gives the number of protons for a particular atom

Back 31

atomic number

Front 32

_______ is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons

Back 32

atomic mass

Front 33

The number of protons determines:
The number of electrons determines:

Back 33

chemical properties for an atom;
chemical behaviour

Front 34

________ is an atom with a different number of neutrons that protons

example?

Back 34

isotopes

;

radioactive isotope

Front 35

Characteristic radioactive isotope?

Back 35

when decaying, it emits high energy particles

Front 36

What is a valence shell?

Back 36

the outermost energy level

Front 37

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Back 37

prokaryotic: no nucleus, no complex organelle system (bacteria)

eukaryotic: has a nucleus, has complex organelle system (animals, plants, fungus, protista)

Front 38

_______ is a group of individuals who make fertile living offspring

Back 38

species

Front 39

______ is a group of different species that occupy the same location

Back 39

community

Front 40

_____ is a group of the same species that live in the same geographic location

Back 40

populatio

Front 41

______ is a distinct location defined by specific types of vegetation, communities, populations, species

Back 41

ecosystem

Front 42

______ is a planetary system, the largest ecosystem

Back 42

biosphere

Front 43

What are the 3 Domains of biological classification?

Back 43

Archae (single celled, primitive bacteria),

Bacteria (single celled),

Eukarya (multicellular, animals, fungus, protista, plants)

Front 44

Eukarya domain's 3 major kingdoms:

Back 44

Fungi (yeast, mold, mushroom),
Plantae (mosses, ferns),
Animalia (insects, birds corals),

+Protista (amoeba, paramesium)
+ Monera (cpmplex bacteria)

Front 45

What are the levels of biological classification?

Back 45

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 46

What are the properties of life?

Back 46

order, metabolism, reproduce, DNA, homoeostasis, growth, stimuli, adapt

Front 47

_______ is an all inclusive explanation which is supported by experimentation and accepted by the scientific community

Back 47

theory

Front 48

What are the steps to the Scientific Method?

Back 48

observation,
question,
hypothesis,
experiment/test,
conclusion

Front 49

What is inductive and deductive reasoning?

Back 49

ded: when one uses general principles to make a specific prediction

ind: when one makes a prediction based on multiple observation

Front 50

________ is a process that links unifiable ideas relating to the physical, chemical, and natural worlds

Back 50

science

Front 51

________ tells the number of each particular atom in a molecule

Back 51

molecular formula

Front 52

________ are submolecular units that determine what kind of molecule you have

Back 52

functional groups

Front 53

Characteristics of organic/biological molecules?

Back 53

- carbon-based
- usually large molecules
- contain C, H, O (N, P, S)
- leave a charred residue

Front 54

What are the properties of carbon?

Back 54

- most abundant element on Earth
- 4 valence electrons
- can form 4 covalent bonds
- can bind with self to form chain structures or ring structures

Front 55

What are the 4 biological molecules?

Back 55

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 56

______ is compsed of a phosphate, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid chains

Back 56

phospholipid

Front 57

______ has 4 interlocking carbon rings

Back 57

steroids (fats)

Front 58

______ is the building block of steroids

Back 58

cholestorol

Front 59

____ are mainly nonpolar and hydrophobic

Back 59

lipids

Front 60

Example of a monosaccharide, disaccarides, and polysaccharides

Back 60

mono: galactose, glucose, fructose
di: sucrose, lactose
poly: glycogen, starch

Front 61

______ is an insect exoskeleton

Back 61

chitin

Front 62

___________ is when a H20 molecule is lost in the process of building a macromolecule

Back 62

condensation/dehydration reaction

Front 63

_________ is when you break a molecule apart by adding an H20 molecule

Back 63

hydrolysis reaction

Front 64

_______ is the major component of biological membranes

Back 64

phospolipids