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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is required for the scientific method
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controls, repeatability, and hypothesis testing
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positive feedback
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increase output from system
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negative feedback
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decrease output from system
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non scientific method
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does not require controls, repeatability, hypothesis testing, "placebo effect"
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Research must be
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ethical, peer reviewed, and not financially involved
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pedestrian
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not breaking new ground in research area
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deductive reasoning
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using logic to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a premise progressing from general evidence to a particular truth
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inductive reasoning
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using specific observations and measurements to arrive at a general conclusion. A certain disease is cured by acupuncture therefore acupuncture cures disease
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biological life
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coordinated interplay of various chemical and physical processes which are used for energy gathering and reproduction
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energy capture
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oxidation/reduction of hydrogen ion
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what promotes evolution
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chromosomal change
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enzymes
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a group of interconnected proteins that strip hydrogen ions and electrons from the chemicals that make up our food
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adenosine triphosphate
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a compound that powers all chemical reactions in every cell and is produced indirectly by hydrogen ions and electrons, powers anabolism and catabolism
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feedback
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mechanism cells utilize to maintain homeostasis
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anabolism
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metabolic process that synthesizes large molecules from smaller molecules; requires an input of energy; energy currency of the cell
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catabolism
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destructive metabolism; the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy
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biomolecules
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an organic molecule and especially a macromolecule (as a protein nucleic acid) in living organisms
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plasma membrane
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external barrier which the cell monitors its outside world and is made up of a phospholipid layer with a negative electrical charge on the inside and a positive electrical charge on the outside
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receptors
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sensors embeddded in the plasma membrane that can detect various incoming signals and respond to chemical signals that are transmitted in the blood
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aquapores
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allow entrance of various chemicals in cell membrane
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microtubles
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combined microfibers made of actin (a protein found in muscle) and gives support to the plasma membrane
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e-cadherin
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chemical cement that allows cells to form a tissue or an organ or to transmit electrical signs from your brain to your toe
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nucleus
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control center of every cell that has its own membrane and controls entry and exit of molecules and ions. It contains chromosomes that dictate what the cell will do
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endoplasmic reticulum
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key organelle for making protein and is a network of internal membranes that fold over one another to form compartments
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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manufactures proteins and has rough appearance due to ribosomes attached to it. In adrenal cortical cells it produces steroidal hormones w/ mitochondria
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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diff. fxns. in various cells, in muscle cells it stores calcium ions that are a step for muscle contraction
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golgi complex
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protein produced in endoplasmic reticulum is processed by the golgi apparatus and pinched off resulting in a vesicle which contains hormones, enzymes, etc.
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exocytosis
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process of sending the vesicles outside the cell and into the blood or elsewhere
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lysosome
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organelles packaged by the golgi apparatus and contain powerful digesting enzymes responsible for breakdown and absoprtion of materials taken in by the cells
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mitochondria
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produce energy for the cell from nutrients from food and oxygen we breathe, atp manufactured from glycolysis, we need mitochondria to live
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