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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the metric unit of volume
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liter
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for ease of understanding, scientist report measurements using the
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SI or metric system
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Whether applications of science to everyday life are considered good, bad, right, or wrong comes under the category of
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ethics
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Counts or measurements are examples of data produced by _________ research
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quantitative
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IN an experiment, the _________ group is used to test the effect of the independent variable
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experimental
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A ________ is based on the analysis of data collected in a controlled experiment
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conclusion
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a brain scan is an example of
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technology
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________ is a possible explanation for a scientific question
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hypothesis
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______ is used to make small details of an object visible to a scientist
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microscope
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Biologist discover problems by ______ the world around them
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observing
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The them e that reflects the idea that there has been a gradual change in the characteristics of species over the time is ________
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evolution
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Living things adjust to a stimulus by a reaction called a(n) ________
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response
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Living things change during their lives through ________ and _______
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growth and development
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all living things _______ to make more living things
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reproduce
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the study of plants in biology is called _______
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botany
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________ electron microscope gives us a 3-D picture
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scanning
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the ________ electron microscope gives us a look at the inside of a cell
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transmission
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the study of standards for what is right and what is wrong is called _________
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ethics
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A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) ________
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experiment
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the application of science to the needs and problems of society is ____________
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technology
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A scientific explanation of known facts arrived at through repeated testing over time is a(n) __________
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theory
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the part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same are the ________
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constants
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the steps commonly used by scientist in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called ______________
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scientific methods
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a testable explanation for a question or problem a(n) ________
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hypothesis
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Because it is often difficult to gather numerical data _________ information is collected
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qualitative
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_________ _________ research is usually based on numerical measurements
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quantitative descriptive
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Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the processes of death, _______ and ________ by bacteria
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decay and decomposition
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Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through ______________________
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plants, photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation
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some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives, When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. this type of relation ship can best be described as __________
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mutualism
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cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. this is a description of the ________ of cougars
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niche
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an ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n) _____________
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ecosystem
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an ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact is interested in the biological organization called a _____________
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community
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Animals don not have ____ walls
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cell
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scientist who study the relationship among living organisms and their environment are called _______
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ecologist
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all living things are made up of ______
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cells
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a condition in which 2 or more organisms live closely together and benefit each other is called _________
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mutualism
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name the 3 parts of the cell theory
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1. All living things are made form cells
2. Cells are basic structure 3. all cells come form other cells |
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the scientist who first descried living cells as seen through a simple microscope
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Van Leeuwenhoek
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Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) _______ solution
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hypotonic solution
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Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a(n) _______ solution
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hypertonic
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If cells care placed in a strong sugar solution, water will _______ the cell
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move out
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Each step in a food chain or food web is called a(n) _________
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trophic level
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If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by _______
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osmosis
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the structure most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis is the _________
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Plasma membrane
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a___________ is a model representing energy flow and interconnected food chains in an ecosystem
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food web
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Organisms recycle _________ back into the air during cellular respiration
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carbon dioxide
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Before biogenesis became an accepted cornerstone of biology, it was widely accepted that living things could arise spontaneously from other __________
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living things
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humans are thought to have evolved during the ________ era
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Cenozoic
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Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?
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cyanobacteria
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the Cambrian Explosion resulted in the evolution of the first representatives of most animal __________
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phyla
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The exchange of matter through abiotic factors and organisms is called the ___________
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biogeochemical cycle
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the endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arouse from communities formed by __________
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prokaryotes
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the first organisms on Earth were most like today's
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bacteria
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two gases that probably existed in Earth's early atmosphere are ___________________
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water vapor and nitrogen
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Miller and Urey's experiments attempted to demonstrate whether _____________ could have formed before life was present
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organic molecules
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One necessary condition for the evolution of the first life on Earth was the presence of ______________
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liquid water
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a(n) ____________ collects energy from sunlight or
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autotroph
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The basic divisions of the geologic time scale from larger to smaller are ________
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eras and periods
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the Mesozoic Era occurred after the ________ Era
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Palezoic
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Fossilized evidence of Earth's first forms of life would consist of _________ from the Precambrian
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prokaryotes
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In an experiment, the ________ group is used to test the effect of the independent variable
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experimental
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Cells that work together to perform the same function are organized into __________
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tissues
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the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration is _______
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diffusion
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When the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell you have _______ solution
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hypertonic
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_______ solution; the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell
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Isotonic
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What significant function can parasitism have in the ecosystem
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Population decrease of an over abundant species
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________ is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
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Osmosis
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_________ is the release of wastes or cell products from the inside to outside of the cell
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exocytosis
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what process involves the capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form useable by plants?
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nitrogen fixation
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How can detritivores be beneficial to the environment?
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By getting rid of waste and dead matter
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the total mass of living matter at each trophic level is called _______
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biomass
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Water, carbon, and nitrogen are released back into the atmosphere during _______
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decomposition
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to explain and show how the amount of living material at each __________ of a food chain changes, you could use a pyramid of biomass
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trophic level
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the range of temperatures in which an insect is able to live and reproduce is one element of that organism's, _______ a description of its ecological requirements
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niche
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Mosquito larvae are eaten by some fish species when they are present in the same body of water. For the mosquito these fish are a _____ factor
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biotic
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Burning fossil fuels has rapidly released long-term reserves of ______ cycle
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carbon
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Adding carbon dioxide to a greenhouse generally increases the rate of plant growth meaning that in natural concentrations it ______ the growth of plants
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limits
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the relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and their plants is best called ________
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mutualism
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Decomposers recycle ______ from other organisms, but they use energy to do so
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nutrients
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A nitrogen molecule has just been "fixed" by a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. The next organism to use the nitrogen molecule is probably a(n) _____
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plant
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Plants return liquid to the atmosphere through a process called _______
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transpiration
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_________ is a group of interacting populations in a particular area
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Biological community
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the ability of an organism to survive biotic or abiotic factors is called _______
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tolerance
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_____ is a treeless biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil called permafrost
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Tundra
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A biotic and abiotic factor that restricts the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem is called a(n) _________
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limiting factor
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A ______ is an area where he annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation
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desert
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Material that is deposited by water, wind, or glaciers is called _____
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sediment
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One community replacing another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors is called ___________
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ecological sucession
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The average weather conditions affecting a biome is called _______
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climate
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The first organisms to appear during ecological successions are called __________
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pioneer species
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Warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfall characterize what type of biome?
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Tropical rainforest
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______ succession is the most rapid form of succession because soil are already established
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secondary
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Pioneer species generally pave the way for other species during succession because they for _____
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soil
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The type of vegetation that survives in a certain environment is dependent mainly upon temperature and annual _____
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rainfall
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In a climax community there is very little amount of change in the number of ________
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species
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When a fast-moving river slows, it results in the deposition of _______
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sediment
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How many different kinds of atoms does an element contain?
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one
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Acid solutions are produced by the release of ________ ions
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hydrogen
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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called _______
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isotopes
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the primitive Earth atmosphere is hypothesized to have consisted mostly of ____________________
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methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfate, water vapor
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Scientist agree that 2 developments must have occurred for life to come into being: the formation of simple organic molecules important to life and organization into ______ organic molecules
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complex
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Before biogenesis became an accepted cornerstone of biology, it was widely accepted that life arose through __________
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spontaneous generation
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The geologic time scale begins at the formation of Earth approximately __________ years ago
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4.6 Billion
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What did Urey and Miller use to get a spark, simulating lighting?
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A battery
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Fossils are usually found in _________ rocks
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sedimentary
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what type of fossil is not found in sedimentary rock ?
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amber and ice
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Who completely debuked spontaneous generation?
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Pasteur
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The theory about everything being made of cells came from ____________
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Schleiden & Schwann
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According to one theory, the first prokaryotes probably obtained their food by eating _____________
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Organic molecules
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Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve ?
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heterotrophs
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A clear fish imprint in a rock indicates that the rock is probably
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Sedimentary
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Urey and Miller subjected water, ammonia, methane, and hydrogen to heating and cooling cycles and holts of electricity in an attempt to form a complex ______ molecule
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organic
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What process contributed most directly to the evidence of aerobic organisms?
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photosynthesis
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the cambrian explosion resulted in the evolution of the first ________
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mammals
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A very large mass extinction in which amphibians and trilobites disappeared occurred at the end of the ________ era
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Paleozioc
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During the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, the dominant land animals were _______
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dinosaurs
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A fossilized dinosaur, found with fossils of the flowering plants that it ate, must have lived during the ________ era
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Mesozoic
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Modern experiments similar to Miller and Urey's demonstrate that simulating conditions thought to exist on early Earth can produce some bases contained in ________
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amino acids
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How are atoms in molecules held together?
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ionic bonds
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An organism that uses hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy is categorized as a(n) ____________
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chemoautotroph
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Most anerobic organisms are _______
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unicellular
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A(n) ______ can produce its own food
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Autotroph
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A(n) ________ must rely on other sources for food
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heterotroph
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Carbon compounds that come from living organisms are called _____ compounds
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organic
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How many electrons can a carbon atom share?
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4
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Tearing paper results in a ________ change
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physical
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H20 represents a formula for a _______ compound
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chemical
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the nucleus of an atom contains ______ and _______
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protons and neutrons
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Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in regions called _________
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electron cloud
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What are the basic building blocks of proteins?
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amino acids
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Water dissolves many ionic and molecular compounds because of its _______
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polarity
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When molecules of glucose and fructose combine to for sucrose, they do so by _______
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condensation
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A chlorine atom becomes a chloride ion when it gains an ______
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electron
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the various enzymes in our bodies are made from _______
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protein
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Glucose and fructose, with the formula C6H12O6 differ in arrangement of _______
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atoms
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A very strong base might have a pH as high as ________
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13
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carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are _______
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isotopes
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The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11
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45
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An atom of fluorine has nine electrons. Its second energy level has ___
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7
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An unsaturated lipid contains ________ bonds
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double
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Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain ______
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nitrogen
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Diffusion continues until there is no _______ gradient
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pressure or concentration
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Brownian motion is evidence of ______ motion of molecules
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random
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An organic compound with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for each carbon atom is a(n) _________
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carbohydrate
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the smaller subunits that make up nucleic acids are ________
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nucleotides
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Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water is a(n) ______
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acid
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2 atoms that share electrons are held together by ______ bonds
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covalent
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Atoms of 2 or more elements chemically combined are ________
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compounds
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are ________
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isotopes
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Glucose polymer that forms the cell walls of plants is ________
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cellulose
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The larger molecule that is formed when many smaller molecules bond together is _______
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polymer
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the ____ molecule has unequal distribution of charge
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polar
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a _______ is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
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catalyst
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the bond formed between amino acids is a _______
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peptide
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All the chemical changes that occur within an organism is the ________
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metabolism
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The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction is called ______
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activation energy
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The center of an atom is the ______
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nucleus
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What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
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energy is conserved
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Autotrophs that convert light energy into chemical energy are called ___________
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photoautotrophs
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A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is called _______
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chlorophyll
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The biogeochemicalcycle tries to get phosophorus
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phosophorus
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has to has chlorphyll and chlorplast
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photoautotrophs
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The endosymbiant theory
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that eukaryotes evolved from series of prokaryotes
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The end result of Urey and Millers experiment
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they got complex and inorganic molecules
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Diffusion will always move from an area of ________ concentration to _______ concentration
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Higher to lower
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the feature that distuingshes the arthropod from others is _________
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jointed appendeges
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Spiders breathe with book lungs and crusteaceans breathe with _____
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gills
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the cycle of metamorphisis
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egg, nimph, adult
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the only thing biologist are concerned about is _______
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living things
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schlieiden dealt with _______
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animals
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What did mass extinctions do?
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they cleared other habitats and made new ones for other species
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A length of the food chain varies with the ______
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ecosystem
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The role that and organism plays in the ecosystem
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niche
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transports raw material
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transport vesicle
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How many mass extinctions has there been
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5
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Polymers
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means more than 2
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Made up of more than 1 amino acids
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proteins
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Can nucleic acid be considered a polymer _____
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yes
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The characteristic of water that makes it a good solvent
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Polarity
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An molecule that has an unequal distribution of charges
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polar
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