Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Allele?
|
Alleles are the different gene forms.
|
|
|
Breed?
|
Breed means sexual reproduction.
|
|
|
Chromosome
|
Chromosomes are cell structures that carry the genetic material that is passed and copied from generation to generation of cell.s
|
|
|
Clone
|
To clone is to make genetically identical copies of an organism or a gene.
|
|
|
Crossing over
|
Crossing over means when chromosomes break and exchange genetic material, crossing over can occur at any location on a chromosome and in more than one location. Crossing over creates a new allele combination.
|
|
|
Disorder
|
Disorder means
|
|
|
Dominant
|
Dominant means the observed trait in a genetic cross. Dominant traits mask or cover up the recessive trait.
|
|
|
Fertilization
|
Fertilization means fusion of male and female gametes.
|
|
|
Fruit fly
|
A fruit fly is a common insect used in scientific experiments, especially genetic experiments.
|
|
|
Gel Electrophoresis
|
Gel Electrophoresis is used to produce DNA fingerprints.
|
|
|
Genetic Counselor
|
genetic counselor is someone who uses medical tests to provide information about hereditary diseases.
|
|
|
genetic cross
|
genetic cross means breeding plants or animals
|
|
|
genetic variation
|
genetic variation means changes in the genes due to natural selection, mutation or genetic drift.
|
|
|
genotype
|
a genotype is a combination of genes in an organism.
|
|
|
heterozygous
|
heterozygous means there are two different alleles (gene forms) for a trait.
|
|
|
meiosis
|
meiosis means cell division where one cell produces four gametes, each with 1/2 the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Contrast with Mitosis: cell division where 2 daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes. |
|
|
mutation
|
mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
|
|
|
offspring
|
offspring are
|
|
|
pedigree
|
pedigree means graphic representation of genetic inheritance (like a family tree for genes)
|
|
|
phenotype
|
phenotype means the outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes.
|
|
|
sex-linked trait?
|
sex-linked traits are traits controlled by genes located on sex-linked chromosomes.
|
|
|
protein
|
proteins are large complex polymers essential to life, they provide structure for tissues and organs and help to carry out cell metabolism.
|
|
|
zygote
|
a zygote is a diploid cell formed when sperm fertilizes an egg.
|
|
|
adaptation
|
adaptation means any variation that aids an organism's chances of survival in an environment.
|
|
|
amino acid
|
amino acids are basic building blocks of protein molecules.
|
|
|
anatomical similarity
|
anatomical similarity shows common ancestry.
|
|
|
common ancestor
|
common ancestor is a genetically similar ancestor for more than one species. Human, monkeys and apes share a common ancestor.
|
|
|
diversity
|
diversity means the variety of species.
|
|
|
evolution
|
evolution is a theory of life which says that species change over time due to natural selection, adaptations, mutation and genetic drift. Charles Darwin was the first main proponent of the evolutionary theory.
|
|
|
insecticide
|
insecticides are chemicals that kill insects
|
|
|
mitosis
|
mitosis is cell division where 2 daughter cells are formed, each with a complete set of chromosomes.
|
|
|
natural selection
|
natural selection is a mechanism for change in populations, it occurs when organisms with favorable variations survive, reproduce and pass their variations on to the next generation.
|
|
|
resistant
|
resistant means
|
|
|
variation
|
variation means a change in the genetic structure between generations.
|
|
|
adrenal gland
|
the adrenal gland it the gland at the top of the kidneys that secretes hormones like adrenaline that prepares the body for stressful situations. Fight or flight.
|
|
|
bloodstream
|
bloodstream is the flow of blood through the body.
|
|
|
budding
|
budding means ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION in which a cell or group of cells pinch off from the parent to form a new individual.
|
|
|
cattle
|
cattle are cattle
|
|
|
cheetah
|
cheetah are cheetah
|
|
|
chlorophyll
|
chlorophyll means containing organelles found in cells of green plants, capture the lights energy and converts it into chemical energy.
|
|
|
cilia
|
cilia are numerous short hair like projections on the cell's surface that move in oar like movements. Allow the cell to move.
|
|
|
circulatory system
|
the circulatory system is composed of blood, the heart and the blood vessels. Blood carries oxygen from your lungs, nutrients from your digestive systems and cellular waste.
|
|
|
class
|
class means group of similar ORDERS
|
|
|
diffusion
|
diffusion means random movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration resulting in an even distribution.
|
|
|
embryo
|
embryo means earliest stage of growth of an animal or plant.
|
|
|
endocrine system
|
endocrine system is a series of glands that regulate internal control of the body. the endocrine system works with the nervous system to control all the body systems.
|
|
|
epinephrine
|
epinephrine is is the amino acid hormone secreted by the adrenal gland (often called adrenaline), helps the body prepare for a stressful situation.
|
|
|
eukaryotic
|
eukaryotic means organisms (both uni and multi cellular) that have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Examples are yeasts, plants.
|
|
|
family
|
family is a group of similar genera (GENUS)
|
|
|
feedback mechanism
|
feedback mechanism means ways that your body reacts to preserve homeostasis: internal feedback systems like sweating or shivering help correct body temperature. Nervous system and reaction to pain or shock also is an example of a feedback system. Negative feedback system uses hormones to control homeostasis.
|
|
|
flower
|
flowers are
|
|
|
gamete
|
a gamete is the word for male and female sex cells: sperm and egg.
|
|
|
germinate
|
germinate means the development of embryos into a new plant.
|
|
|
glucose
|
glucose is sugar.
|
|
|
homeostasis
|
homeostasis means equilibrium, organisms regulating of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for living. Homeostasis is a characteristic of all living things.
|
|
|
hormone
|
hormone is a chemical produced in one part of the body and transported to another, it causes physiological changes.
|
|
|
insulin
|
insulin is a hormone that signals to the liver to take in glucose and lower the blood glucose level.
|
|
|
kidney
|
kidney is the organ in the urinary system that removes waste, controls salt levels and blood pH levels.
|
|
|
life span
|
life span means
|
|
|
metabolism
|
metabolism means all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
|
|
|
muscle
|
muscle makes up nearly half of your body mass. There are three main types of muscle: smooth, cardiac and skeletal.
|
|
|
nervous system
|
the nervous system helps you perceive and react to the outside world, it controls involuntary processes such as respiration and digestion.
|
|
|
niche
|
niche means the role or position that a species has in its environment.
|
|
|
nucleus
|
nucleus is the central membrane bound organelle that manages cellular function and contains DNA
|
|
|
order
|
order refers to similar FAMILIES
|
|
|
organelles
|
organelles are membrane bound structures with particular functions within eukaryotic cells.
|
|
|
organism
|
organism is something that has an orderly structure, produces offspring, grows and develops and adjusts to changes in its environment.
|
|
|
pancreas
|
the pancreas releases hormones, insulin and glucagon, to regulate the glucose levels in the blood.
|
|
|
peregrine Falcon
|
a peregrine Falcon
|
|
|
phloem
|
phloem is vascular plant tissue made up of tubular cells joined end to end, it transports sugars to all parts of the plant.
|
|
|
prokaryotic
|
prokaryotic cells do not have internal membrane-bound structure, they are unicellular, like bacteria.
|
|
|
reproductive system
|
the reproducitive system prepares sex cells (sperm or egg), which when combined, ensure the continuation of our species.
|
|
|
sexual reproduction
|
sexual reproduction means reproduction that involves fusion of haploid sex cells.
|
|
|
skeletal system
|
the skeletal system provides a framework for the tissues of your body. It also protect you internal organs,
|
|
|
testis
|
testes are where sperm production takes place, located in the scrotum.
|
|
|
thyroid gland
|
the thyroid gland is located in the neck and regulates metabolism, growth and development.
|
|
|
transport
|
transport means transportation through the cell membrane by carrier or transport proteins.
|
|
|
unicellular
|
unicellular means cells that are non membrane-bound, like bacteria. Non membrane bound organelles are called prokaryotes.
|
|
|
vascular
|
vascular means plants that have vascular tissue, these plants can grow taller and survive on land.
|
|
|
vegetative reproduction
|
vegetative reproduction means asexual reproduction where a plant is produced from an existing plant organ or part of a plant.
|
|
|
vitamin
|
vitamins are organic nutrients required in small amounts to maintain growth and metabolism.
|
|
|
xylem
|
xylem means vascular plant tissue composed of tubular cells and transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
|
|
|
classification
|
classification means grouping objects or information based on similarities.
|
|
|
genus
|
genus means the first word of the two part scientific name used to identify a group of similar species.
|
|
|
kingdom
|
kingdom means similar phylum or divisions.
|
|
|
phylum
|
phylum means similar CLASSES
|
|
|
relatedness
|
relatedness means
|
|
|
species
|
species means a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.
|
|
|
control group
|
control group means the standard against which the results (the experimental group) are compared.
|
|
|
decigram
|
decigram means one tenth of a gram.
|
|
|
dependent variable
|
dependent variable means the condition that results from changes in the independent variable.
|
|
|
erlenmeyer flask
|
an erlenmeyer flask is a glass flask used in scientific experiments.
|
|
|
experimental group
|
experimental group means the group upon which the experiment is performed. The experiment means the the procedure that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled conditions.
|
|
|
hypothesis
|
hypothesis is a testable question
|
|
|
independent variable
|
independent variable is the condition in an experiment that is TESTED because it affects the OUTCOME of the experiment.
|
|
|
kilometer
|
kilometer is 1,000 meters.
|
|
|
magnification
|
magnification means enlarging the image of something. Use a microscope for magnification.
|
|
|
meter
|
meter is
|
|
|
micrometer
|
micrometer is 1/1000 of a meter.
|
|
|
petri dish
|
a petri dish is small dish used in science experiments.
|
|
|
well-designed investigation
|
a well-designed investigation
|
|
|
well-designed procedure
|
a well-designed procedure
|
|
|
regeneration
|
regeneration means
|
