Biology Final Terms

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Hypothesis

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Possible explanation or conclusion about some event in nature; proposed solution to a scientific problem

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Variable

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Single factor that is isolated and tested in an experiment

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Control setup

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Part of an experiment that does not contain the variable

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Data

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Recorded observations and information

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Theory

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Time-tested concept that makes useful and dependable predictions about the natural world

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Genetic code

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Manner in which cells store the program that they pass form one generation to next

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DNA

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Nucleic acid that stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next by coding for the production of a cell's proteins

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Nucleotide

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Unit of a Nucleic acid that is made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate grip, and a nitrogenous base

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Base pairing

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Attraction bw complementary nitrogenous bases that produces a force that holds the two stands of DNA double helix together

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Replication

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Process by which DNA is duplicated before a cell divides

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Rna

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Nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides that acts as a messenger between DNA and the ribosome and carries out the process by which proteins are made from amino acids

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Transcription

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Process by which genetic material absorbed front the environment is added to or replaced part if a bacterium's dna

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Messenger rna

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Type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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Codon

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Three-nucleotides sequence on messenger RNA that codes for an amino acid

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Translation

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Process in which a message carried by messenger RNA in decoded into a polypeptide chain (protein)

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Transfer dna

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Type of RNA that carries amino causes to the ribosomes where amino acids are joined together to form polypeptides

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Anitcodon

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There-nucleotide sequence in transfer RNA that base pairs with a complementary sequence in message RNA during protein synthesis

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Photosynthesis

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Process in which autotrophs make their own food using the energy in light and co2 and h2o

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Glucose

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Sugar with formula c6h12o6 that is a product of photosynthesis, can be broken down for energy

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Autotrophs

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Organism that is able to use a source of energy to produce it's good form inorganic raw materials

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Heterotrophs

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Organism that cannot produce it's own food but obtains energy from the food it eats

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Pigment

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Colored substance that absorbs or reflects light

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Chlorophyll

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Principal pigment in the cells of photosynthetic autotrophs that captures light energy

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Adenosine triphosphate

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Compound that sores energy in cells

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Light reactions

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Reactions of photosynthesis that requires light

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Dark reactions

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Reactions oh photosynthesis that do not require light but use energy produced and stored during the light reactions to make glucode

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Photosynthetic membrane

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Chlorophyll containing membrane in chloroplasts that serves as the site of the light reactions

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Photo system

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Cluster of pigment molecules within a photosynthetic membrane

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Electron transport

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Process in which high energy electrons are transferred along a series of electron carrier molecules in a membrane

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Calvin Cycle

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Name given to the cycle of dark reactions in photosynthesis