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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the biological organizational levels and their description
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Atom- basic unit of matter
Molecule- grouping of atoms bonded together Cell- basic unit of life Tissue- functional grouping of cells Organ- functional grouping of tissues Organism- one individual organism Population- group of individual of the same species community- populations of all species on the same area ecosystem- communities interacting with the physical environment biosphere- regions of he Earth that sustain life (land/ water/air |
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How to determine which group is the control group and which is the experimental group
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the experimental group HAS manipulation while the control group doesn't
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Each atom consists these atomic structures:
(know where they are located) |
protons- positive charge (+)
electrons- negative charge (-) neutrons- neutral Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus Electrons are orbiting |
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Know the properties of water
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Because ice expands the DENSITY will be lower allowing it to float. Water is a SOLVENT(dissolves)
HEAT of VAPORIZATION- water evaporates and takes heat with it SURFACE TENSION- strong hydrogen bond. COHESION- water molecules sticking together. ADHESION- water molecules stick to other surfaces |
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know the pH range
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0-6 acid; 7- neutral; 8-14 basic
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Know the differences between the different bonds
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Ionic- 1 atom takes electron away from another atom
Covalent- sharing electrons Polar- unequal sharing Nonpolar- equal sharing Hydrogen bonds- bond between hydrogen and other molecule Vander Waals forces- interaction with (+) and (-) lasts incredibly short |
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Match the correct function to its macromolecule:
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid |
carbonhydrates- structural support and energy (starch)
lipids-short term energy. phospholipids/ steroids protein-amino acids. has many functions Nucleic acid- DNA- stores hereditary info RNA carries hereditary info |
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Know the differences between prokaryote and eukaryote.
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prokaryote has NO nucleus
Eukaryote HAS nucleus |
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Determine which organelle is seen in plant cells only, animal cells only, or is seen in both cell types.
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Plants- chloroplast/Cell Wall/ Central Vacual
Animal- lysosomes/ Centrioles Both- golgi apparatus, mitochondria, etc. |
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Know the function for the following organelle:
lysosome, ribosome, nucleolus, smooth ER, and microtubules |
Lysosome- breaks down food bacteria and other things
Ribosome- makes protein Nucleolus- rRna (ribosome) Smooth ER- make lipids Microtubule-mitosis (spindle fibers) Transportation, organelles anchor |
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What is diffusion?
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Movement through the membrane; concentration is from high to low
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How are materials transported across the cell membrane using: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
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Simple diffusion - through membrane (concentrated gradient)
Facilitated diffusion- molecule has to move with the help of protein Active transport- against the concentration gradient (from low to high) uses protein and energy |
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What is the purpose of endocytosis and exocytosis?
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Endocytosis is IN to cell
Exocytosis is OUT of cell |
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What is the primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst?
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Enzyme/catalyst makes the reaction go faster
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How does an enzyme work?
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Lowering the activation energy
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Know the following about enzymes:
A. What is the active site? B. What is the induced fit? C. Is the optimal activity of an enzyme a wide range or a narrow range? |
A. Where the substrate goes
B. Enzyme closes around the substrate C. narrow range |
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What is the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
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Cellular respiration: C H O+ 6O------>6H O+6CO
6 12 6 2 2 2 Photosynthesis:6CO +6H O--->C H O +6O 2 2 6 12 6 2 |
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What are the final products for the following stages:
Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Light reaction Calvin cycle |
Krebs cycle-oxidizes to CO2 (carbon dioxide)
Oxidative phosphorylation- ATP Light reaction- ATP& NADPH Calvin cycle- Sugar |
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Be able to match the correct activity to its mitotic phase.
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Prophase- formation of spindle fibers and chromosome condense
Prometaphase- nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers attach to chromosome Metaphase-line up in the middle Anaphase-pulled apart Telophase-nuclear envelope reforms, spinde fibers breakdown, and chromosomes de-condense |
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Be able to match the correct activity to its phase in meiosis.
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same as meiosis except that:
prophase 1- there is crossing over and formation of tetrads metaphase 1- has sister chromatids |
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In humans, how is a female/male determined?
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female- XX
male- XY |
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Be able to solve genetic problems using a Punnett square. AA Aa
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A A
A AA AA a Aa Aa |
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Know the parts of a DNA nucleotide.
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phosphate, sugar deoxribose, A-G T-C
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Know the base pairing rules of a DNA and RNA.
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DNA: A-T G-C
RNA: G-C A-U |
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Know the differences between DNA and RNA structures.
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DNA- sugar deoxiribose, helix, double strand has a 'T'
RNA- Ribose, single strand, 'U' |
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Which molecule is being produced during replication, transcription, and translation?
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Replication- DNA
Transcription-RNA Translation- protein/polypeptide |
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Know how replication, transcription, and translation happen.
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Replication- semi conservative replication
Transcription- RNA polymerase Translation- Ribosome(joins them together) & tRNA(brings in amino acid to ribosome) |
