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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systematics
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Evolutionary Relationships among organisms
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Phylogenetic Trees
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TREE OF EVOLUTIONARY (GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS)
hypothesis Graphical depictions of historical relationships among lineages groupings based on shared derived characteristics v. shared ancestral characters characters can be any attribute as long as they are homologous and heritable |
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Will Henig
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classification based on geneology and identifying clades based on shared derived characteristics
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Terminal Taxa
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groups that are alive now or went extinct without leaving descendants
--> can be species or populations |
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Node
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ancestor represents a speciation event
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root
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oldest node often shown with a floating branch to indicate where this group connects to the rest of the tree of life
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sister group
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closest relative
same evolutionary age symmetry of sister groups descends from the node |
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Clade
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grouping that includes a common ancestor and all the descendants (living and extinct) of that ancestor
a clipping of the tree |
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humans didn't evolve from chimpanzees
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shared a recent common ancestor that was neither chimpanzee nor human
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Monophyletic
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more closely related to each other than any member outside of the group
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Several Characteristics that make mammals monophyletic
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nursing young
fur internal gestation well developed placenta |
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Shared Derived Characteristics
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character that 2 lineages have in common and that evolved in leading up to a clade that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals
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a single ancestral lineage gives rise to
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2 or more daughter lineages
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Speciation
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when a lineage splits= branching on a phylogeny
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time moves _______ on a phylogeny
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vertically (from the bottom)
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How do you determine which taxa are more closely related
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look at how recent the common ancestor was
trace back to find the most recent common ancestor (MCRA) |
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shared derived characters
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character that 2 lineages have in common and that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals
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