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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are there any autotrophic animals?
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No
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What kind of symmetry do most animals have?
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Bilateral
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Which subphylum of chordates were the first vertebrates on land?
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Anphibians, which use water for fertalization, by spraying sperm into the water
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What is the only mammal that can fly?
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Bat
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Do any mammals lay eggs?
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Yes some do
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What is ectotherm?
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Reptiles, cold blooded means without
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What is endotherm?
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Humans, warm blooded means withen
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What uses fewer calories ectotherm or endotherm?
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Ectotherms
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Are most animals vertebrates or invertebrates?
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Invertabrates
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What is implied by sustainability?
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keeps going and keeps everything in balance, Ex: Money living from interest not the capital
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What is the upper limit (%) of population growth per year for humans?
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5%
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Sociologist and economist most concerns in population growth
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Africa, Central America, no economic resource, degregation-using things fater than produced.
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Cordates, the highest phylum have what?
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Backbones, nerve cord, pharynx, and tails some point in their life.
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What does marsupium mean?
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Animal that has a pouch. ex: kangaroo
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What are most animals, monotremes, marsupials, or eutherians?
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Most animals are eutherians. monotremes lay eggs.
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What does the word mammal mean in Latin?
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Breast
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Is there free exchange of blood through the umbilical cord between a woman's body and the developing in her uterus?
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No
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A fertility rate of 2.0 children per female will result in a population growth rate zero in MDC's?
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False, it would result below zero
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In ecology what is population
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Is a particular species
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In ecology what is community?
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Is the number of different kinds of species, the total population of different organisms
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Is an ecosystem larger or smaller than a community?
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An ecosystem is larger than a community
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What are the for major kinds of species interaction?
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Predation, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism
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Is our present rate of resource utilization sustainable?
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No its not substainable
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How fast are we over using Earths resources?
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20%
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What is Evnironmental degradition?
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Using resources faster than they can be replaced
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Are environmental degradation and littering the same?
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No
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What type of pollution is lawn fertilizer that runs with the neighbors into the sewer?
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non-point source
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Toxicity, what does LD 50 mean?
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Leathel Dose of a chemical 50% of test subjects die
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LD 50 exposure of a chemical at an level of 45 ok?
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No
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What was Thomas Malthus theory of food production of human population growth?
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Mas starvation in the early 1900's. population would increase geometrically and food supply would increase arithmetically
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How many people are being added to the worlds population per second?
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3 per second
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Why is increasing the education of women in the world so critical, especially in LDC'S?
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Women control population and food production
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Why has Africa been described as a ticking time bomb?
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HIV, low education, jungle, limited resources
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Recent research shows that the ozone layer is not healing itself like scientists had thought?
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True
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What evidence do we have that humans are generalists, from an environmental niche standpoint?
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Humans live everywhere, can adapt to different climates.
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Which country will likely have more problems in the next few decades, one with a pyramidal or one with a columnar population shape when population is plotted by age?
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pyramidal more problems
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What one factor has contributed more than any other to human population growth over the past 100 years?
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Decreasing Death Rate
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How have humans been able to avoid the normal constraints of ecosystems to allow population to continue increasing?
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Expanded to new areas, drain swamp lands, irragated desert, and increased productive compacity of land.
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Why do people in LDC's have so many children?
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Education
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Is there hard scientific evidence that global warming is occuring?
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Yes, overall
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What are arguements against the evidence of global warming?
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Business, economic growth, Impact
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What is the Global Warming Gas?
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Carbon Dioxide CO2
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What are the major sources of Carbon Dioxide that cause global warming?
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Coal, patrolium, Slash and burng agriculture
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What is the Relationship between the concentration of major global warming gas and the human population growth over time?
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Highly Corralated
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What are the three levels of biodiversity?
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Diveristy in ecosystem, species, and populations
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About how fast are Rainforest disappearing?
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A soccer field every second
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Is logging the main reason why rain forest are being cut?
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NO, because of Slash and burn food production
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People in developed countries represent about what percent of the worlds population?
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20%
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People in Developed countries use about what percent of the worlds natural resources?
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90%
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Are detritivors found mostly about or below ground?
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Decomposers that are Below ground
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What is our most limiting natural resource?
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Water
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What is the problem in using geologic water for irrigation and industrial use?
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geologic water is occufers and non replaceable
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How much of the U.S.'s water is in the Great Lakes?
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95%
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What are a whole bunch of environmental degradation problems being casued by food production in both LDC's and MDC's?
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Soil erosion, deserty, and water pollution
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What percent of the worlds population earns less than 2$ per day?
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1/2 50% percent of the worlds poplulation
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What % of the worlds water is fresh water?
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2.5% is fresh water
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What significant event has the city of Los Angeles, California done recently?
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Rediverting water back to the river
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What is johnston's one-word answer top most of the worlds problems?
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EDUCATION
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What is Ecology?
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the study of interactions of living things with each other and with their environment, study of nature
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What is Enviromentalist?
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want to preserve nature
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An ecosystem includes the organisms and all of the abiotic factors?
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True
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What does abiotic mean?
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Non living factors, ex:Rainfall, tempature, soil, and chemical neutrients
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What is Niche?
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the position or function of an organism in a community of plants and/or animals or simply where it fits in
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What are the four ways species interact?
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predation, paritism, mutualism, and commensalism
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What is Commensalism?
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One benefits without hurthing the other
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What is point source?
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specific source can be identified e.g., a factory or sewage treatment plant
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what is non-point source?
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sources may be multiple and harder to identify
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What are the three major factors that determine how harmful a pollutant is?
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Toxicity, concentration, and Persistence
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Why was Thomas Malthus not correct about the mass starvation?
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Advances in Agriculture, contraceptives, and communication
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How does Malthus theory look at the present time?
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There is a huge correlation between population, poverty and environmental degradation
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women are responsible for producing about how much of the food in developing countries?
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50-80%
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What are envirnmental degradation problems for which humans and population growth are responsible for?
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Air pollution, Biodiversity depletion, Water pollution, Food production issues, and Waste, solid and hazardist
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What is troposhere?
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The lowest layer of the automosphere
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is ozone good or bad?
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can be both, near the earth its an air pollutant and is bad, although the ozone layer is good in the stratosphere that serves as a filter.
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Is the production of global warming gases and east/west or north/south
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North South
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What percent of the world's population earn less than a dollar$ a day?
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about 1/5 eqivulent to 20%
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How many mammal species face extinction?
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300 mammal species are endangered
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What does man sweat have to do with women?
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mood altering, relaxed, happy and effects the menstral cycle time period
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What makes up sponges?
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lowest form, lack symmetry, but they are vast minority, no tissues, no organs
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What are animals?
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all are hetertrophic, multi-celled, aerobic, motile some point in their life. Invertabrates
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how many animal species are their?
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2 million species
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what is a cnidarian
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first animal with tissue, example is coral
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What are Flatworms?
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First animals with organs, example tap worms, can cause anemia sucks out all vitamen B-12 nutrients
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how do humans get tapworms?
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from undercooked beef, pork, or fish
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What are blood flukes?
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are also flat worms, which causes shistosomiasis, from standing water
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what is a round worm?
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nematodes, most abundant animal on earth, ex: pin worm
First animal to have complete digestive system |
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What is Elephantiasis?
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caused by a round worm that blocks the lymph, misquetos carry it.
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which phylum makes up over half of the total known species of animals in the world?
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Arthropods
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do sharks have bones?
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no, Cartilaginous
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Teptiles likely arose from amphibians and they dont have to rely on water because of their dry, scaly skin and their internal fertilization of eggs?
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True
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Of all organisms, birds are the only ones with feathers?
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True
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Are reptiles eggs hard or soft?
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Both can be either hard or soft
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What is the greatest concentration of marsupial species today?
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Australia
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To maintain zero population growth, the fertility rate is about?
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2.5 children in less developed countries, 2.1 in developed
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Are humans generalist or specialist?
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Generalist
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Which would have least effect on human population growth?
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Increasing the life span of females
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What of the following is a good example of biological magnification?
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parasites feeding on other organisms
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What do we call the interaction when two species live together and one benefits without hurting the other?
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commensalism
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Population of country is plotted with age groups on the vertical axis and # of people on horizontal axis?
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A fairly symmetrical column
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