Biology Final Exam

Front 1

what are four criteria for life?

Back 1

sense of change and response to the change, contains DNA, extracts energy from their surroundings and covert it for use, and reproduces

Front 2

define autotroph

Back 2

able to make their own food

Front 3

define heterotroph

Back 3

depends on other organisms for their food

Front 4

define producers

Back 4

produces their own food

Front 5

define consumers

Back 5

breaks down dead remains of other organisms

Front 6

define hypothesis

Back 6

an educated guess that attempts to explain an observation

Front 7

define theory

Back 7

a hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

Front 8

define scientific law

Back 8

theory that has been tested by and is accurate with generations of data

Front 9

name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme, in correct order

Back 9

(KING PHILLIP COMES OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 10

whats the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes

Back 10

aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not

Front 11

what do most bacteria use for locomotion

Back 11

flagella

Front 12

what is the main mode of reproduction in bacteria

Back 12

asexual

Front 13

what does a plasmid do

Back 13

passes a trait from one bacteria from another by a small strand of DNA during conjugation

Front 14

even though conjugation among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the population of bacterial growth. why

Back 14

if the trait is passed in conjugation it allows bacteria to survive when they usually wouldnt, it will increase the population of bacteria

Front 15

what are technical names of the three common bacterial shapes

Back 15

bacillus, coccus, spirillum

Front 16

what is the function of a contractile vacuole

Back 16

it collects excess water in a cell and expels it to reduce the pressure inside the cell

Front 17

define pathogen

Back 17

an organism that causes disease

Front 18

what are the pathogens from kingdom protista

Back 18

entamoeba histolytica, balantidium coli, trypanosoma, toxoplasma, plasmodium.

Front 19

define mutualism,

Back 19

a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association

Front 20

define symbiosis

Back 20

a close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits

Front 21

define parasitism

Back 21

a relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other and the other is harmed

Front 22

what are the greatest producers of oxygen in creation and to what phylum do they belong

Back 22

diatoms, chrysophyta

Front 23

fungi have four different specialized hyphae, what are they and what are their functions

Back 23

1) stolon (asexual reproduction)
2) sporophore (releases spores for reproduction)
3) haustorium (invades the cells of a living host to absorb foor directly)
4) rhizoid hyphae (supports the fungus and digests food

Front 24

define lichen

Back 24

a mutualistic relationship between an alga and a fungus where one organism produces food for both and the other provides support and protection

Front 25

which phylum is composed of algae that contain chloroplasts and what are these algae called

Back 25

chlorophyta. and they are called green algae

Front 26

how do you turn a gas to liquid

Back 26

remove energy

Front 27

what determines the cast majority of characteristics in an atom

Back 27

the number of electrons it has

Front 28

how do the number of electrons and the number of of protons compare in an atom

Back 28

they are equal in number

Front 29

define and understand osmosis

Back 29

the tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration

Front 30

how many total atoms are in the molecule C(v)6H(v)12O(v)6

Back 30

look a the subscript!
it has 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms, for a total of 24 atoms

Front 31

what does the pH scale measure and what does the scale indicate

Back 31

measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. pH7 is neutral. lower than 7 is acid and higher than 7 is alkaline

Front 32

what are the basic building blocks of proteins

Back 32

amino acids

Front 33

how does DNA store information

Back 33

as a sequence of nucleotide bases

Front 34

what are the four stages of cellular respiration, and which one doesnt require oxygen

Back 34

the electron transport system
the formation of acetyl coenzyme A
the Krebs cycle
and glycolysis (which doesnt need oxygen)

Front 35

what are the four stages of mitosis, in the correct order

Back 35

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Front 36

how does the haploid number of a cell relate to the diploid number

Back 36

the haploid number is half the diploid number

Front 37

what are the stages of meiosis

Back 37

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II

Front 38

what are the differences between a gamete and a normal cell

Back 38

a gamete is a haploid and a normal cell is a diploid. a gamete has only one chromosome from each homologous pair, and a normal cell has both members of each homologous pair

Front 39

is a virus alive, why or why not

Back 39

no. a virus cannot reproduce on it own

Front 40

define and understand phenotype

Back 40

the observable expression of an organisms genes

Front 41

define and understand homozygous genotype

Back 41

genotype in which both alleles are identical

Front 42

define and understand heterozygous genotype

Back 42

genotype with two different alleles

Front 43

two individuals have the same genotype for a certain traut but they are not identical when it comes to that trait, how is this possible

Back 43

different environmental and spiritual factors can influence the expression of a trait

Front 44

define microevolution

Back 44

the theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism and transform it into a more specialized species of that organism

Front 45

define macroevolution

Back 45

the hypothesis that microevolution can, in eons of time, transform an organism into a completely different kind of organism

Front 46

define immutability of the species

Back 46

the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never change. ide that was dispelled by darwin's research

Front 47

what change to the concept of macroevolution did neo-darwinism make

Back 47

it added the idea that mutation could be a means of adding information to the genetic code

Front 48

did darwin ever recant his scientific beliefs

Back 48

newp

Front 49

what is the principle means by which oxygen is taken from the air

Back 49

respiration is the main one

Front 50

what is the principle means by which oxygen is restored in the air

Back 50

photosynthesis and phytoplankton are the main sources of oxygen regeneration

Front 51

the vast majority of animals are in the group called _____

Back 51

invertebrates

Front 52

is global warming occurring now

Back 52

no

Front 53

how do sponges get their prey

Back 53

by pumping water into themselves which brings in algae, bacteria and organic matter to be eaten

Front 54

if a jellyfish reproduces asexually, what form is it in

Back 54

medusa

Front 55

what will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry

Back 55

it will suffocate

Front 56

what are the characteristics of arthropods

Back 56

exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, open circulatory system and a ventral nervous system

Front 57

what are the characteristics of a parasitic flatworm

Back 57

simple nervous and digestive systems, mechanisms that protect them from the digestive juices of their hosts, suckers or hooks to help them hold their position within the host

Front 58

what are the four characteristics that set insects apart

Back 58

three pairs of walking legs, wings, three segments in the body and one pair of antennae

Front 59

why do arthropods molt

Back 59

their exoskeletons get too small for their growing bodies

Front 60

why are some sponges hard and prickly while others are soft

Back 60

sponges that have spicules are hard and prickly while those with spongin are soft

Front 61

what happens when a crayfish loses a limb

Back 61

the injury gets sealed off to prevent bleeding and then a new limb regenerates

Front 62

why dont insects have respiratory systems

Back 62

they have a complex network of tracheas that allow air to travel throughout the body

Front 63

define nematocysts

Back 63

small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators

Front 64

define hermaphroditic

Back 64

possessing both male and female reproductive organs

Front 65

what is the function of the cerebrum

Back 65

the portion of the brain that integrates sensory information and coordinates the creatures response to that information

Front 66

what is the function of the medulla oblongata

Back 66

the portion of the brain that coordinates vital functions, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Front 67

what is the name of the cells that carry oxygen in the blood

Back 67

red blood cells

Front 68

which is more flexible, a boney skeleton or a cartilaginous skeleton

Back 68

cartilaginous

Front 69

what is the difference between internal and external fertilization

Back 69

internal the male places the sperm inside the female and the eggs are fertilized. external the female lays eggs and then the male fertilizes them

Front 70

define oviparous development

Back 70

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the females body

Front 71

define viviparous development

Back 71

development that occurs inside the fe3male, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

Front 72

define ovoviviparous development

Back 72

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the females body

Front 73

what do fish use to feel vibrations in the water

Back 73

lateral line

Front 74

what is the difference between arteries and veins

Back 74

arteries carry blood away from the heart while veins carry blood to the heart

Front 75

what is meristematic tissue and where is it found

Back 75

contains undifferentiated cells that can develop into any tissue the plant needs. they are found in actively growing parts of the plant

Front 76

what type of leaf shapes are chordate, elliptical, deltoid, and linear

Back 76

chordate - heart shaped
deltoid - triangular
elliptical - long but tapered at both ends
linear - long and about the same width from top to bottom

Front 77

what are the proper descriptive names for the entire, serrate, and dentate leaf margins

Back 77

entire - smooth
serrate - tiny sharp teeth
dentate - pronounce teeth point outward

Front 78

what are the proper name for the three patterns of venation

Back 78

parallel - veins run up and down the leaf parallel to the madrib
pinnate - veins all branch out from the madrib
palmate - veins branch out from the madrib and then the branches have branches as well

Front 79

define the function of an abscission layer

Back 79

a thin layer of tissue at the base of each petiole in a deciduous tree. as the daylight decreases in the fall, the cells in this layer begin to block the xylem and phloem running through the petiole of the leaf and begin to die. as they die the layer begins to crack and the cracks become so severe that the leaf falls off the tree

Front 80

what is the difference between monocots and dicots

Back 80

monocots have one cotyledon while dicots have two

Front 81

what is the male and female reproductive organ in a flower

Back 81

male organ is the stamen
female is the carpel

Front 82

what are the differences between xylem and phloem

Back 82

xylem allows the transport of water and is made of dead cells, while phloem aids in the transport of organic material and must be composed of living cells

Front 83

what is the purpose of a cotyledon

Back 83

provides nutrients to the embryo in the seed

Front 84

what are the six characteristics that set birds apart from other vertebrates

Back 84

endothermic, heart with four chambers, toothless bill, oviparous, laying an egg which is covered in a lime-containing shell, covered with feathers and skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones

Front 85

what are five characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrates

Back 85

hair covering the skin, reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviparous, nourish their young with milk from a specialized gland, four chamered heart and endothermic

Front 86

what are five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates

Back 86

covered with tough, dry scales, ectothermic, breathe with lungs throughout their lives, three chamered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided and produce eggs covered with a leathery shell

Front 87

what is a bird actually doing when it is preening

Back 87

it is oiling its feathers

Front 88

what is the purpose of underhair

Back 88

serves as insulation for a mammal

Front 89

which order contains lizards

Back 89

squamata