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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the steps to the scientific method?
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a) Problem / question
b) Hypothesis c) Experiment d) Analysis e) Conclusion |
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What are the four (macromolecule) building blocks of life?
What are each (macromolecule) building blocks of life made of? |
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids c) Nucleic acids d) proteins a)carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen b) fat, oil, waxes c)DNA, nucleic acids d)amino acid |
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What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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a) Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, prokaryotic cells don’t
b) Ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell |
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What are the primary parts of the cell? And what are the functions?
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a) cell membrane = The cell membrane is "semi-permeable". By and large it prevents items from coming into the cell and prevents the cell interior from leaking out of the cell.
b) nucleus = controls when the cell produces what proteins, when, and where, it controls growth, and it regulates metabolism c) cytoplasm = the site where most cellular activities occur, such as growth, expansion, and division d) ribosomes = the site where most cellular activities occur, such as growth, expansion, and division e) chromosomes = macromolecules that normally hold genetic information f) endoplasmic reticulum = where the proteins and lipid components of the cell membrane are modified g) mitochondria = converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds for the cell to use h) vacuole = stored materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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How are plants and animal cells different?
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a) Plant cells have a cell wall and a chlorophyll
b) Animal cells have centriols |
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What is the purpose of a cell wall?
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It regulates the movement of water, nutrients and waste into and out of the cell.
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What is a semi-permeable membrane?
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A membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion
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What is the Kreb Cycle? Where does it occur?
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a) The second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide
b) It occurs in the mitochondria |
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What is active transport?
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The process that moves material across a cell membrane against a ceoncentration difference
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Who is Mendel?
What did he hypothesis? |
a) The father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.
b) Theorized that each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents & two sets of genes must separate from each other in order for each gamete to contain one ser of genes |
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What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
How many daughter cells are formed? Where does each occur? |
a) Mitosis = has exactly the same amount of chromosomes after process / forms 4 daughter cells / occurs in the body cells (somatic)
b) Meiosis = has half the original number of chromosomes / forms 2 daughter cells / occurs in the sex cells (gamets) |
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What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
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a) Diploid contains BOTH sets of homologous chromosomes
b) Haploid contains ONE set of chromosomes (aka: one set of genes) |
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What is genotype and phenotype?
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a)Genotype = genetic makeup of an organism
b)Phenotype = physical characteristics of an organism |
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What are amino acids? What do they form?
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Amino acids are molecular units that make up proteins
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What are mutations? Why do they occur? Are they natural processes?
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a) A change in genetic material
b) They occur when DNA inserts an incorrect base or skips a base when the new strands attach to each other c) Yes they are natural because they have little or no effect on the expressions of genes |
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What is a codon? Where does it occur?
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A three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
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What is an anti-codon? Where does it occur?
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Three unpaired bases in tRNA and are complementary to one mRNA
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