Biology Final 5/29

Front 1

What are nucleotides made up of?

Back 1

Phosphate, nitrogen bases, and deoxyribose

Front 2

The sides (backbone) of a DNA molecule are made up of which 2 components?

Back 2

Phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars

Front 3

Order from largest to smallest (chromosome, cell, nucleus, nucleotide, DNA):

Back 3

cell

nucleus

chromosome

DNA

nucleotide

Front 4

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

Back 4

GATCCA

Front 5

What 3 are found in both DNA and RNA?

Back 5

Phosphate Groups

Guanine

Cytosine

Adenine

Front 6

A DNA segment changed from -AATTAG- to -AAATAG-. This is called

Back 6

Point mutation- insertion

Front 7

A DNA segment is changed from -ATTAGAAA- to -ATAGAAA-. This is a

Back 7

Frameshift mutation

Front 8

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with one new strand and one original strand.

Back 8

True

Front 9

RNA contains the sugar glucose

Back 9

False, ribose

Front 10

Unlike DNA, RNA contains uracil

Back 10

True

Front 11

mRNA molecules are produced during transcription

Back 11

True

Front 12

Explain what happens during the process of translation

Back 12

mRNA codons are translated into amino acid language

Front 13

Which types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?

Back 13

mRNA and tRNA

Front 14

Physical appearance of a trait

Back 14

Phenotype

Front 15

Alleles of a particular trait are different

Back 15

Heterozygous

Front 16

Genetic makeup of an organism

Back 16

Genotype

Front 17

Alleles of a particular trait are the same

Back 17

Homozygous

Front 18

Alternate form of a gene

Back 18

Allele

Front 19

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring

Back 19

Heredity

Front 20

If you have 5 siblings that are girls, the probability your mother will have another girl is

Back 20

50%

Front 21

A normal boy is

Back 21

XY

Front 22

Down Syndrome occurs when there is a/an of a chromosome

Back 22

Addition

Front 23

The purpose of gene therapy is

Back 23

To cure genetic disorders

Front 24

Genetic engineering is the process of making changes in the code of living organisms

Back 24

DNA

Front 25

The Human Genome Project is an attempt to

Back 25

Identify all human DNA base pairs

Front 26

Explain why a recessive trait is displayed in the phenotype of an offspring

Back 26

Both parents carry the recessive gene

Front 27

were used by Gregor Mendel to study the inheritance of traits

Back 27

Pea plants

Front 28

Darwin's stop that played a major role in his thinking was

Back 28

Galapagos Islands

Front 29

In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of

Back 29

Chance

Front 30

New organs in a species appear as a result of the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures is a concept of

Back 30

Lamarck

Front 31

The pelvis and femur in humans are used in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are

Back 31

Vestigal Structures

Front 32

When a coyote preys on a group of rabbits, some of the rabbits are killed and some get away. This is an example of what part of natural selection?

Back 32

Survival of the fittest

Front 33

Explain antibiotic resistance

Back 33

Bacteria alters DNA to make antibiotics not effective.

Front 34

evolution is when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of environmental conditions

Back 34

Convergent

Front 35

An is a heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive or reproduce in an environment

Back 35

Adaptation

Front 36

The large ground finch obtains food by cracking seeds. Its short, strong beak is an example of

Back 36

An adaptation

Front 37

The formation of a new species is called

Back 37

Speciation

Front 38

What pattern of evolution led to these differences in Darwin's finches?

Back 38

Adaptive radiation

Front 39

structures have a similar evolutionary origin and structures are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm.

Back 39

Homologous

Front 40

Describe natural selection

Back 40

The survival and reproduction of organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

Front 41

Name the book that was published by Charles Darwin in 1859

Back 41

On the Origin of Species

Front 42

Eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

Back 42

Protista

Front 43

Organisms that are multicellular, have eukaryotic cells with no cell wall and are heterotrophic

Back 43

Animalia

Front 44

Unicellular prokaryotes whose cells do not contain peptidoglycan and live in extreme environments

Back 44

Archaebacteria

Front 45

Multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose

Back 45

Plantae

Front 46

Organisms that are unicellular, have prokaryotic cells and have cell walls that contain peptidogylcan

Back 46

Eubacteria

Front 47

The evolutionary history of a species is

Back 47

Phylogeny

Front 48

The branch of biology that groups and names organism is

Back 48

taxonomy

Front 49

The grouping of objects or information based on similarities is

Back 49

Classification

Front 50

If Ursus maritimes is the scientific name; polar bear is the

Back 50

Common Name

Front 51

A group of different populations that lives in the same geographic area

Back 51

Community

Front 52

Collection of all the organisms in a particular place, together with their non-living environment

Back 52

Ecosystem

Front 53

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area

Back 53

Population

Front 54

Organisms with similar anatomical features that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Back 54

Species

Front 55

Part of the earth in which life exists including land, water, air, or atmosphere

Back 55

Biosphere

Front 56

The carrying capacity for a particular species is the maximum number of individual organisms that

Back 56

Can be supported by a given environment

Front 57

Which biological cycle does NOT involve a stage where the chemical enters the atmosphere?

Back 57

Phosphorus cycle

Front 58

The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called the

Back 58

Water cycle

Front 59

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 59

Transpiration

Front 60

Second level consumers are at level #

Back 60

3

Front 61

Individual organisms produce the most chemical energy at level #

Back 61

1

Front 62

Animals that eat both plants and animals

Back 62

Omnivores

Front 63

An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism

Back 63

Predation

Front 64

Process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air into ammonia

Back 64

Nitrogen Fixation

Front 65

Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

Back 65

Mutualism

Front 66

Organisms that are capable of making their own food

Back 66

Autotrophs

Front 67

Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals

Back 67

Decomposers

Front 68

Limiting factors whose effects increase as the size of the population increases

Back 68

Density-dependent

Front 69

The movement of individuals into a population

Back 69

Immigration

Front 70

Unrestricted populations of organisms experience this

Back 70

Exponential growth

Front 71

This biome has 4 distinct seasons and soil that is deep and rich

Back 71

Temperate deciduous forest

Front 72

Biome characterized by very low temps, little precipitation, and permafrost

Back 72

Tundra

Front 73

Describe one difference between primary and secondary succession

Back 73

No soil in primary succession left over.

Secondary succession does have soil left over.

Front 74

Energy relationships can be demonstrated by diagrams of:

Back 74

A. Food chains

B. Food Web

C. Food pyramids

D. Trophic levels

Front 75

Food webs are networks of interacting

Back 75

Food chains

Front 76

Only 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism's life processes and the rest is

Back 76

Eliminated as heat

Front 77

Strep throat is caused by bacteria that live in your body as a living host. The bacteria grow and reproduce. They give off chemicals that irritate your throat and interfere with the function of other body systems. This is an example of:

Back 77

Parasitism

Front 78

A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its

Back 78

Biotic factors