Biology Final

Front 1

Hydrosphere

Back 1

all of the aquatic environments including oceans, lakes, ice caps, etc and the life native to those regions

Front 2

Lithosphere

Back 2

all of the terrestrial environments of the crust such as soil, rock, etc and life native to these regions

Front 3

Six Biogeographical realms

Back 3

neartic- NA
neotropical SA
Ethopian Africa
Palearctic europe and N Asia
Oriental central and S Asia
Austrailian

Front 4

Biome

Back 4

a large region of land characterized by habitat conditions and community structure, including its unique species

Front 5

Dry shrublands and dry woodlands

Back 5

found in western or southern coastal regions, semiarid lands, more rainfall than desert. Summers are long, hot and dry. Most rainfall occurs during the mild winter period. Hardneded tough evergreen leaves.

Front 6

Evergreen broadleaf forests

Back 6

tall trees growing close together, dense canopy. Found in tropical zones of africa, east indies, southeast asia, s.a. and c.a.

Front 7

deciduous broadleaf forests

Back 7

found at temperate latitudes, rainfall is not a constant all year long.

Front 8

littoral zone

Back 8

shoreline

Front 9

limnetic zone

Back 9

portion of lake away from the shore line that will receive light penetration

Front 10

profundal zone

Back 10

the portion of lake away from the shoreline that will receive light penetration, below the limnetic zone

Front 11

oligotrophic lakes

Back 11

deep, clear and low nutrient levels

Front 12

eutropic lakes

Back 12

shallow, murky and have high nutrient levels due to high levels of primary productivity

Front 13

thermal inversion

Back 13

occurs when weather conditions trap a layer of cold dense air below a layer of warm air

Front 14

subsistence agriculture

Back 14

runs on energy inputs from sunlight and human labor

Front 15

animal assisted agriculture

Back 15

subsistence level agriculture which also utilizes animal labor

Front 16

population

Back 16

a group of individuals of the same species occupying a specific geographic region

Front 17

per capita

Back 17

births, deaths, and other factors that can affect population size are measured in terms of individual rates

Front 18

exponential growth

Back 18

a dramatic increase in something, in this case individuals in a population J shaped pattern

Front 19

biotic potential

Back 19

occurs under optimal conditions of temperature, resources, etc. Is the max. rate of increase per individual

Front 20

density dependent controls

Back 20

factor that kick in when a population size grows to the point where it begins to reach the carrying capacity

Front 21

density independent factors

Back 21

factors which will affect growth regardless of population density

Front 22

demographic transition model

Back 22

a demographic transition model correlates the changes that occur with population growth with the changes that occur during economic development

Front 23

Demographic transition model preindustrial stage

Back 23

occurs before medical and technological advances have been established or are widespread. Death rates are high due to limiting facors. Birth rates are high

Front 24

DTModel transitional stage

Back 24

when medical and technological developments are becoming established and industrialization is beginning. Death rates drop, but brith rates still high. Overall pop growth is high

Front 25

DTModel industrial stage

Back 25

when medicine and technology are effectively decreasing the limiting facors on the population. Decrease in birth rates. Death rates are lower people living longer

Front 26

neutral relationship

Back 26

when two species do not affect one another directly

Front 27

commensalism

Back 27

one benefits and the other is unaffected, it neither benefits nor is harmed

Front 28

mutualism

Back 28

both species benefit

Front 29

interspecific competition

Back 29

2 species are trying to utilize the same resource in the same way. Both species will be harmed by this interaction to some extent.

Front 30

climax community

Back 30

stable, self perpetuating array of species in equilibrium with one another and with their environment

Front 31

primary productivity

Back 31

is the rate at which primary producers secure and store some amount of energy in their tissues during a specific interval of time

Front 32

gross primary productivity

Back 32

total rate of photosynthesis for the entire ecosystem during a specific time interval

Front 33

hydrologic cycle

Back 33

allow for the cycling of hydrogen and oxygen atoms as water also known as the global water cycle

Front 34

atmospheric cycle

Back 34

cycling of atmospheric gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide

Front 35

nuclear fusion

Back 35

joining of 2 atoms (H) to form one atom (Helium) this is done by the sun

Front 36

nuclear fission

Back 36

is the splitting of an HE atom to release 2 atoms (H) and energy

Front 37

greenhouse effect

Back 37

burning of fossil fuels, which are hydrocarbons, releases gases such as CO2 and CH4

Front 38

ozone is at it's thinnest

Back 38

between september and october, thinnest at poles

Front 39

ozone is the thickest

Back 39

at the equator

Front 40

intertidal zones

Back 40

difficult areas to live in due to problems of high tide and low tide and the pounding of the waves

Front 41

benthic

Back 41

biomes of the ocean floor

Front 42

pelagic

Back 42

biomes of ocean water, two divisions, neritic zone and oceanic

Front 43

trophic levels

Back 43

hiearchy of feeding relationships, first is producers, herbivores, carnivores, carnivores that feed on carnivores

Front 44

replacement level

Back 44

when birth rates=death rates; when we see zero population growth. +2.1 means that we have 2.1 briths for each death