Biology Final

Front 1

Capsomeres

Back 1

Protein subunit that makes up the capsid of a virus

Front 2

Host Specific virus

Back 2

viruses that will only infect a particular species

Front 3

Tissue Specific Virus

Back 3

Viruses of eucaryotic organisms that only infect certain types of tissues

Front 4

Steps of virus infection

Back 4

1. attachment
2. penetration
3. uncoating of virus
4. replication of virus DNA and protein
5. self-assembly
6. release from cell

Front 5

types of virus penetration

Back 5

1. phagocytosis - receptor mediated endocytosis
2. infection of nucleic acid
3. fusion if viral envelope with cell membrane, envelope aids entry into cell

Front 6

dsDNA virus replication

Back 6

uses host cell machinery to express viral genome and proteins transcription and translation are carried out

Front 7

ssRNA virus replication

Back 7

1. some function directly as mRNA and host mechanisms are used to translate
2. some serve as template with viral RNA polymerase to copy m-RNA and host mechanisms used to translate

Front 8

retrovirus

Back 8

reverse transcriptase enzyme used to make viral DNA from viral RNA as the template

Front 9

types of viral release from host cell

Back 9

1. bud through cell membrane
2. exocytosis in vesicle from golgi
3. rupture cell to release new virus particles
4. cell dies b/c functions for survival are not carried out and viruses escape when cell membrane disintegrates

Front 10

prions

Back 10

infectios abnormally folded proteins

Front 11

transformation

Back 11

ability to take up "naked" DNA from environment and express genes

Front 12

transduction

Back 12

viruses carry bacterial genes from one host bacterium to another

Front 13

generalized transduction

Back 13

random inclusion of bacterial DNA into new virus particle during lytic cycle

Front 14

specialized transduction

Back 14

lysogenic virus reverst to lyctic cycle. as leaves host chromosome leaves out some host DNA as part of viral DNA and carries it into new viral particles and subsquently into new bacterial cells

Front 15

conjugation

Back 15

direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another

Front 16

sex pili

Back 16

appendages which can form a temporary cytoplasmic bridge b/t two bacteria and provide a way for the DNA transfer

Front 17

transposons

Back 17

pieces of DNA that can move from one location to another in a cell's genome