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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a niche?
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A niche is the range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce.
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An organism's niche is what an organism does, how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors in the environment.
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What is a decomposer?
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Bacteria and fungi that feed by chemically breaking down organic matter.
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What is a Detritivore?
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Organisms that feed on detritus particles as well as decomposers that live on/in detritus particles
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Ex. Earthworms
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What is ecological succession?
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A series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time.
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Ecosystems change over time, especially after disturbances, as some species die out and new species move in.
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What is the difference between primary and secondary and succession?
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Primary succession is when no remnants of an older community are present.
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Secondary Succession is when a disturbance affects a community without totally destroying it.
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What is lichen?
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Lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
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What is a symbiotic relationship? What are the different kinds?
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A relationship in which two species live closely together.
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Mutualism
Parasitism Commensalism |
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What is Mutualism?
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When both species benefit.
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What is Parasitism?
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When one organism lives inside another organism and harms it.
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What is Commensalism?
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When one organism benefits and one is unharmed.
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What is the science of naming things?
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Systematics
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What is Bionomial Nomenclature
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The two-word naming system of species.
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How do you type a scientific name? How do you write it?
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TYPING:
First letter of the first word is capitalized, the rest is lowercase. It is always in italics. |
HAND WRITING:
Same has typing it only you underline it, not italicize it. |
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List the Biological classifications in order from largest to smallest.
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DOMAIN
KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES |
Just remember:
DID KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FROM GERMANY SATURDAY? |
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What are the three domains?
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Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
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What are the six kingdoms?
What domain do they belong under? |
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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BACTERIA: Eubacteia
ARCHAEA: Archaebacteria EUKARYA: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia |
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What is artificial selection?
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When nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful.
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What is natural selection?
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The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their environment survive and leave more offspring.
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What makes an organism the fittest?
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How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.
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During what three conditions does natural selection occur?
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The struggle for existence
Variations and adaption Survival of the fittest |
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What are analogous structures?
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Body parts that share a common function, but not structure.
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Ex. Wing of a bee and wing of a bird
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What are Vestigial Structures?
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Structures inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their original function due to different selection pressures acting on the descendant
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Ex. The hipbones of the bottlenose dolphin
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What are homologous structures?
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Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor.
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Ex. Frog leg, alligator leg, chicken leg, and horse leg all came from a lobe-finned fish
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What is the difference between directional selection, stabilizing selection, and disruptive selection?
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DIRECTIONAL:When individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness that in the middle or other end.
STABILIZING:When individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than on either ends. DISRUPTIVE:When individuals at the outer ends of the curve have higher fitness than in the middle of the curve. |
Ex.
DISRUPTIVE: Average beak size increase STABILIZING: Babies with an average mass are more likely to survive DISRUPTIVE: Smaller beaks and Larger beaks |
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What is genetic drift?
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A random change in allele frequency in a population
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What is genetic equilibrium?
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When there are no changes in allele frequency and no changes in a population.
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What is isolation?
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REPRODUCTIVE: When a species no longer come into contact with each other so the evolve into two different species. There are three different ways this can happen: behavioral isolation, geographic isolation, and temporal isolation.
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What is Behavioral Isolation?
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When two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors
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Ex. Eastern and Western meadowlarks use different songs to attract mates
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What is Geographical Isolation?
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When two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water.
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Ex. Aberts Squirrel and Kaibab Squirrel that live on separate sides of the Grand Canyon and Colorado River.
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What is Temporal Isolation?
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When two or more species reproduce at different times.
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Three species of orchids that live in the same rain forest, but bloom on different days.
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What is the role of DNA?
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To store, copy, and transmit information.
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What is the full name of DNA?
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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What are nucleotides made out of?
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A Phosphate Group
A Deoxyribose (Sugar) and A Base |
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What are the four bases in DNA and what always pairs up with what?
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Adenine pairs up with Thymine
Cytosine pairs up with Guanine |
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What kind of base holds nucleotides together?
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Hydrogen Bonds
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What is DNA polymerase and what does it do?
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Its an enzyme that joins nucleotides together to form a new strand of DNA. It also proofreads each new strand to make sure the new molecule is a near perfect copy of the original.
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What are telomeres?
What helps replicate telomeres? |
Telomeres are segments of DNA at the end of chromosomes.
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An enzyme called Telomerase help duplicate this part of DNA.
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Who figured out the shape of DNA?
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Watson and Crick with the help of Rosalind Franklin.
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They figured out the double-helix shape
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What did Erwin Chargaff discover?
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That Adenine pairs up with Thymine and that Cytosine pairs up with Guanine
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA
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1. The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose
2. RNA is generally single-stranded, not double-stranded 3. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine |
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What is the function of messenger RNA?
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To carry copies of instructions to other parts of the cell.
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What is the function of ribosomal RNA?
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Forms part of subunits of the ribosome where the protein is assembled.
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What is the function of Transfer RNA?
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To carry amino acids to the ribosome and specifies them to the coded mRNA message.
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What is the final product of DNA?
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Protein Synthesis
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What is the difference between Transcription and Translation?
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TRANSCRIPTION: when segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules.
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TRANSLATION: When transfer RNA makes amino acids copies of the mRNA strand
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Mendelian Inheritance
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Follows Mendel's pattern of domanance and recessive.
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Normal Punnett Squares
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Incomplete Domanance
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Appearance of a third phenotype in between the two orginial
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White, red, and pink flowers
Prime symbols |
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Co-Dominance
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When you see both alleles
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Black Chicken, White Chicken
Spotted Chicken |
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Multiple Allele Inheritance
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When a gene has several alleles but an individual only inherits two
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Human blood types
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Polygenic Inheritance
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When traits are controlled by two or more genes
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Height
Skin color Foot size |
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Mendel's Law #1
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Genes are inherited from the parents and occur in pairs
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Mendel's Law #2
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A gene can be dominant, which means it overpowers another gene
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Mendel's Law #3
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Genes (alleles) can copy during gamete formation
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Mendel's Law #4
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The genes (alleles) seperated\ independently of each other
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What is science? What is biology?
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Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
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Biology is the study of life and living things.
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