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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
one strain of bacteria had been changed into another, this is called
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transformation
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avery and other scientists discovered that nucleic acid stores and transmits genetic info from one generation to the next
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DNA
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one kind of virus that infects bacteria
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bacteriophage
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concluded that genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein
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hershey & chase
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made up of three basic components, a 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group,a dn a nitrogenous base
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nucleotides
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DNA and protein tightly packed together to form
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chromatin
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chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called
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histones
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the DNA molecule seperates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing.
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replication
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the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called
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DNA polymerase
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three main types of RNA
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messenger rna, transfer rna, ribosomal rna
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RMA molecules taht carry copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins and known as
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messenger RNA
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proteins are assembled on ribosomes. ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins, as well as - RNA
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ribosomal RNA
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RNA polymerase binds to DNA and seperates the DAN strands. rna polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA.
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transcription
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the DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides called
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introns
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the DNA sequences that code for proteins are called . they are "expressed" int eh synthesis of proteins
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exons
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consists of 3 consecutive nucleotides taht specify a single amino acid that is ot be added to the polypeptide
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codon
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the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
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translation
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if a nucleotide is added or deleted, the bases are still read in groups of 3 but now those groupings are shifted for every codon taht follows. these changes are called
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frameshift mutations
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the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
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polyploidy
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a group of genes that operate together is known as an
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operon
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turned off by repressors and turned on by the presence of lactose
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lac genes
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most eukaryotic genes are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex than those of - -
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lac operon
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