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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
one strain of bacteria had been changed into another, this is called
transformation
avery and other scientists discovered that nucleic acid stores and transmits genetic info from one generation to the next
DNA
one kind of virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
concluded that genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein
hershey & chase
made up of three basic components, a 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group,a dn a nitrogenous base
nucleotides
DNA and protein tightly packed together to form
chromatin
chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called
histones
the DNA molecule seperates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing.
replication
the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called
DNA polymerase
three main types of RNA
messenger rna, transfer rna, ribosomal rna
RMA molecules taht carry copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins and known as
messenger RNA
proteins are assembled on ribosomes. ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins, as well as - RNA
ribosomal RNA
RNA polymerase binds to DNA and seperates the DAN strands. rna polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA.
transcription
the DNA of eukaryotic genes contains sequences of nucleotides called
introns
the DNA sequences that code for proteins are called . they are "expressed" int eh synthesis of proteins
exons
consists of 3 consecutive nucleotides taht specify a single amino acid that is ot be added to the polypeptide
codon
the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins
translation
if a nucleotide is added or deleted, the bases are still read in groups of 3 but now those groupings are shifted for every codon taht follows. these changes are called
frameshift mutations
the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
polyploidy
a group of genes that operate together is known as an
operon
turned off by repressors and turned on by the presence of lactose
lac genes
most eukaryotic genes are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex than those of - -
lac operon