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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of living things?
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biology
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Name the characteristics of living things?
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*made up of units called cells
*reproduce *have a universal genetic code *obtain and use energy *respond to their environment *maintain homeostasis-a stable (balance) internal environment *as a group, change over time |
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What is a hypothesis?
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possible explanation for a set of observation or possible answer to a scientific question
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What is the scientific method?
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-observe or state a problem
-gather information -form a hypothesis-> why do you think the problem occured? -experiment-> test the hypothesis -analyze results of experiment -if your hypothesis is correct -> theory (after repition of experimeent x, and same result) |
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What is the smallest unit of all living things?
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cell
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What is a SEM?
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-scanning electron microscope
-uses a beam of electrons to look at the surface of cells |
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What are the three main ideas of the cell theory?
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-all living things are made of cells
-basic units of structure and function -new cells only come from pre-existing cells |
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What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
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eukaryototic are organisms who cell contains nuclei and prokaryotic cells are singled celled organisms that lack a nucleus
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What type of solution makes cells shrink?
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hypertonic
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What type of solution makes cells swell?
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hypotonic
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What is diffusion?
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moovement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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What is osmosis?
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diffusion of H20 back and forth across the plasma membrane
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What is the difference between passive and active transport?
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active transport requires energy because it goes against the concentration gradient while passive transport does not require energy
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What is mitosis?
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nucleus divides forming 2 daughter cells -> all body cells
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Name the four steps of mitosis.
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-prophase
-metaphase -anaphase -telephase |
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What is a tissue?
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a group of similar cells that perform a particular function
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What is an organ?
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group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions
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What is cancer?
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disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth and cell
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What is a dominant allele?
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an organism trait that is more likely to appear as an organism phenotype
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WHat is a recessive allele?
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an organism with a recessive allele for a particular form of a trait will exhibit that form only when the dominant allele for the trait is not present
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What is meosis?
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process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half though through the speration of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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What are the steps of meosis?
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-prophase I
-metaphase I -anaphase I -telephase I -PMAT II |
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What type of cells go thru meosis?
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reproductive cells {gametes, sperm, egg}
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What is haploid?
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a single set of chromosomes and there for a single set of genes
n{haploid 1/2 number of chromosomes} |
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What is diploid?
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cells that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
2n |
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How many cells do we have at the end of meosis?
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4
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What is the structure of DNA?
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double helix where 2 strands are wrapped around each other, phosphate backbone, sugar grps.{dioxiribose}, nitrogen bases
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What is DNA replication?
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process of copying the DNA in the chromosomes (in cell division when DNA copies intself)
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How do we go from DNA to proteins?
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by using RNA to transcribe and translate the code of DNA
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What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
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*DNA
-dbl. strand -deoxyribose -thymine *RNA -single strand -ribose -uracil |
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What are the three types of RNA?
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mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
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What is a codon?
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three nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
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What is an anticodon?
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matching codon on the tRNA strand to the one on the mRNA
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What is the difference between translation and transcription?
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*translation-> DNA -> mRNA
*transcription-> mRNA-> proteins w/help of tRNA and rRNA |
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What are three types of mutations?
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-point mutation
-frameshift mutation -chromosomal mutation |
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Is a frameshift or point mutation more harmful?
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frameshift because they may change many amino acids
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What is the pigment that gives the skin its color called?
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melanin
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What type of muscle is under concious control?
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skeletal
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Newly formed bone cells are called what?
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octeocytes
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Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
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ribs, ternum, skull, vertebrate
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How many bones are in the human skeleton?
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206
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What is amylase?
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starches
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Where is bile?
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gallbladder
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Which organ controls the pituitary gland?
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hypothalmus
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Where does food go from the stomach?
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small intestine
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Name one hormone the adrenal glands produce?
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adrenaline, ablodterone, glucocortids
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What type of neurons carry impulses from the skin to the CNS?
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sensory
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Neorotansmitters transmit impulses across a what?
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synapse
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What part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
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medulla oblangata
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What part of a neuron carries impulses away from the cell body?
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axon
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Impulses move fastest thru myelinated or unmylinated neurons?
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myelinated
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What hormone is made by the ovaries?
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estogen
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What part of the male anatomy produces sperm?
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testes
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What part of the female anatomy produces eggs?
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ovaries
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How may chambers are there in the heart?
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4
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Red blood cells carry oxygen attached to what?
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hemoglobin
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Oxygen poor blood enters which chamber of the heart?
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right atrium
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What are accesory organs to the digestive system?
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pancreas, gallbladder, & liver
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Red blood cells live how long?
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~120 days
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What organelle is the power house of the cell?
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mitochondria
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Compare and Contrast an animal and a plant cell.
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-both eukaryotic
-Plant and animal cells have cell membranes -Plant and animal cells have endoplasmic reticulums -Plant and animal cells have nuclei -Plant and animal cells have cytoplasm -Plant and animal cells have mitochondria -Plant and animal cells have golgi apparati -Plant and animal cells have lysosomes -Plant and animal cells have ribosomes -Plant cells have cell walls. Animal cells do not. -Plant cells have vacuoles. -There are more lysosomes in the animal cell than the plant. -Plant cells have chloroplasts |
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What is the surge of blood thru an artery and where to find it?
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-pulse
-wrist or under jaw bone |
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Why is the skin an organ?
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-made up of more than one tissue
-made up of epithial and skeletal tissue -sensory organs |
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Describe the compnents and structure of DNA.
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-double helix
-2 strands are wrapped around each other -phosphate backbone -sugar groups (dioxiribose) -nitrogen bases |
