Biology Exam 4

Front 1

What cells in the body produce leptin?

Back 1

fat cells

Front 2

An individaual who had an abnormally low number of leptin receptors and was otherwise normal would tend to be _______.

Back 2

overweight

Front 3

What does Lack of leptin transporters cause?

Back 3

Cause Weight Gain

Front 4

What does Lack of receptors on the hypotalamus cells for leptin cause

Back 4

Cause Weight Gain

Front 5

What doesLack of receptors on liver cell for leptin cause

Back 5

No affect on body weight

Front 6

What does Deficiency in leptin production cause

Back 6

Cause Weight Gain

Front 7

What does Deficiency in Neuropeptide Y production cause

Back 7

Causes Weight Loss

Front 8

What does Deficiency in melanocortin-4 production cause

Back 8

Cause Weight Gain

Front 9

Promotes inflamation

Back 9

'bad' eicosanoids

Front 10

Stimulates the immune system

Back 10

'good' eicosanoids

Front 11

Continuously varying trait in a segregating population

Back 11

Multifactorial

Front 12

Condition produced by diet rich in high glycemic CHOs

Back 12

hyperinsulinemia

Front 13

Essential fatty acid needed for brain neurons

Back 13

DHA

Front 14

Rich source of the essential fatty acids EPA and DHA

Back 14

fish oil

Front 15

Enzyme that is activated by insulin and produces AA

Back 15

Delta 5 desaturase

Front 16

Powerful local hormones present in evey cell of the body

Back 16

eicosanoids

Front 17

Analgesic that reduces all eicosanoids

Back 17

asprin

Front 18

Drug useful in treating inflamation, which leads to heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis

Back 18

COX inhibitors

Front 19

Hormone, which if present in excess causes chronic diseases of old age

Back 19

insulin

Front 20

Enzyme that removes 2 electrons and 2 H ions to introduce a double bond in a fatty acid chain

Back 20

desaturase

Front 21

Allele associated with compulsive disorders

Back 21

A1

Front 22

The genes which control height in humans are different from many other genes because height genes

Back 22

produce continuously varying phenotypes

Front 23

In a nucleotide triphosphate, to which carbon on the ribose (or dexoyribose), will the base be bound?

Back 23

1'

Front 24

In a nucleotide triphosphate, which carbon on the ribose (or dexoyribose), will distinguish RNA from DNA?

Back 24

2'

Front 25

If a nucleotide is part of a polynucleotide chain, to which carbon on the ribose (or deoxyribose), will the next nucleotide to join the chain be attached?

Back 25

3'

Front 26

Isolated DNA from puss

Back 26

Miescher

Front 27

The defective enzyme producing Alkapton urea cannot metabolize

Back 27

homogentisic acid

Front 28

In 1900, though protein was the genetic material

Back 28

Most scientists

Front 29

Observed that behavior of genes paralleled the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis

Back 29

Sutten

Front 30

Hypothesized that genetic diseases resulted from the production of a defective enzyme

Back 30

Garrod

Front 31

Discovered transformation in Pneumococcus bacteria

Back 31

Griffith

Front 32

Strain of Pneumococcus which will cause disease

Back 32

S strain

Front 33

Avirulent strain of Pneumococcus bacteria

Back 33

R strain

Front 34

Used DNAase enzymes to prevent transformation

Back 34

Avery, Macleod and McCarty

Front 35

Found that labeled phosphate in a bacteriophage entered bacteria, whereas labeled sulfur does not.

Back 35

Hershey and Chase

Front 36

Built first correct model of the DNA helix

Back 36

Watson and Crick

Front 37

Showed that the number of Adenines equals the number of Thymines and that the number of Guanines equals the number of Cytosines.

Back 37

Chargaff

Front 38

Performed the X ray diffraction experiments that led to the discovery of the shape of DNA

Back 38

Franklin

Front 39

Discovered the alpha helical structure of protein

Back 39

Pauling

Front 40

Shared the Nobel Prize with Watson and Crick

Back 40

Wilkins

Front 41

DNA bases with a double ring

Back 41

purines

Front 42

In a nucleotide triphosphate, to which carbon on the ribose (or dexoyribose), will the phosphate be bound?

Back 42

5'

Front 43

The main mechanism which is used to denature DNA in the PCR technique is to
__________.

Back 43

Heat the solution

Front 44

All new DNA polymers are made in the _______ to _______ direction.

Back 44

5' to 3'

Front 45

When DNA is replicated, one strand must be made discontinuously because the direction of the strand relative to the direction of movement of the DNA polymerase is

Back 45

5' to 3'

Front 46

When DNA is replicated, the continuous strand is read by the DNA polymerase enzyme in the _________ direction

Back 46

3' to 5'

Front 47

A protein which opens the DNA helix at the replication fork is called ______?

Back 47

helicase

Front 48

The last bond made to completely join two fragments on the discontinuous strand is made by a small enzyme called _________.

Back 48

ligase

Front 49

Messelson and Stahl took DNA in which both strands were labeled with heavy nitrogen. They then transfered their bacteria to growth media that had only light sources of nitrogen. If DNA was replicated in a conservative manner what type of bands would they have seen in their centrifuge tubes after one cell division?

Back 49

Two bands - one at the top and one at the bottom

Front 50

Messelson and Stahl took DNA in which both strands were labeled with heavy nitrogen. They then transfered their bacteria to growth media that had only light sources of nitrogen. If DNA was replicated in a dispersive manner what type of bands would they have seen in their centrifuge tubes after one cell division?

Back 50

A band in the middle

Front 51

Messelson and Stahl took DNA in which both strands were labeled with heavy nitrogen. They then transfered their bacteria to growth media that had only light sources of nitrogen. If DNA was replicated in a dispersive manner what type of bands would they have seen in their centrifuge tubes after two cell divisions?

Back 51

A band in the middle

Front 52

Messelson and Stahl took DNA in which both strands were labeled with heavy nitrogen. They then transfered their bacteria to growth media that had only light sources of nitrogen. If DNA was replicated in a semi-conservative manner what type of bands would they have seen in their centrifuge tubes after two cell divisions?

Back 52

Two bands - one at the top and one in the middle

Front 53

Newly replicated DNA on the discontinuous strand is made in short bits (1000 bases). These short pieces are called __________.

Back 53

Okazaki fragments

Front 54

Newly replicated DNA on the discontinuous strand is made in short bits (1000 bases). These short pieces will later be modified as ________ removes the primers and fills in the gaps with the exception of the last link.

Back 54

exonuclease

Front 55

A technique used to increase the amount of DNA in a certain region flanked by artificial primers is called _______?

Back 55

PCR

Front 56

The enzyme___________lays down a short _______ sequence which is used by DNA Polymerase III to start replicating a DNA template strand.

Back 56

primase......RNA

Front 57

Proteins that protects single stranded DNA during replication are called _____.

Back 57

single strand binding proteins

Front 58

A normal copy of the RAS protein will be ________ when growth factor is bound to a receptor and ___________ when growth factor is absent from the receptor.

Back 58

active ........inactive

Front 59

A characteristic of cancer cells is that they divide faster than any other cell in the human body.

Back 59

False

Front 60

An example of a tumor suppressor gene is

Back 60

p53 gene
RB gene

Front 61

Cancer cells are immortal. This immortality is made possible because of these cells have

Back 61

Telomerase

Front 62

Genes that stimulate cell division only in response to an appropriate growth factor signal are called

Back 62

Proto-oncogenes

Front 63

Genes that suppress cell division are called

Back 63

Tumor Suppressor genes

Front 64

How many copies of the RB gene must be mutated to lead to Retinoblastoma?

Back 64

Two

Front 65

The Rous Sarcoma Virus picks up a _________ gene from the host genome and this leads to cancer.

Back 65

kinase

Front 66

The type of cancer in the U.S. with the greatest number of new cases per year is:

Back 66

Skin

Front 67

When cancer cells move to other parts of the body we say that the cancer has

Back 67

Metastasize

Front 68

Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene?

Back 68

RAS

Front 69

The simple undifferentiated cell mass that is produced when carrot root cells are cloned is called:

Back 69

callus

Front 70

A common way to denature DNA to allow for the binding of a probe would be to:

Back 70

raise the pH

Front 71

Which enzyme is responsible for covalently linking DNA strands together?

Back 71

DNA ligase

Front 72

Genes from higher primates might be good probes for use in finding a human gene in a genomic library.

Back 72

True

Front 73

A cloned library of an entire genome contains:

Back 73

all the genes of an organism

Front 74

Cloning from differentiated adult cells as was done in the production of Dolly the sheep are now as successful as cloning from stem cells.

Back 74

False

Front 75

Match the statement that best describes monozygotic twins.

Back 75

Monozygotic twins have the same genes but will vary in some traits due to environmental interaction with genes.

Front 76

Nucear transfer to clone cattle is done by the following technique

Back 76

a sixteen cell embryo is divided into sixteen separate cells and fused with enucleated eggs. The fused eggs are then implanted into surrogate mothers

Front 77

The restriction enzymes of a bacterial cell do not cut their own chromosome because the bacteria contains enzymes that

Back 77

adds metyl groups to the A's or C's in the recognition sequence

Front 78

Restriction enzymes:

Back 78

recognize specific nucleotide sequences in DNA.
cut both strands of DNA.
often produce single-stranded tails (sticky ends)

Front 79

The enzyme that is used to make cDNA from mRNA is

Back 79

Reverse transcriptase

Front 80

If the enzyme BamHI is used to clone a foreign gene into pBR322, the cells containing the successfully cloned gene will:

Back 80

Not grow in media containing tetracycline

Front 81

The plasmid pBR322 can carry foreign pieces of DNA that are 500,000 bases in length.

Back 81

False

Front 82

Which vector can hold the largest piece of DNA

Back 82

YAC

Front 83

In order to successfully insert a foreign gene into a vector two different restriciton enzymes must be used.

Back 83

false

Front 84

A condition that leads to death due to the degeneration of nervous tissue and that does not exhibit symptoms until middle age (40 to 50 years old) is:

Back 84

Huntington's disease

Front 85

Goat milk is used in bio-pharming to produce large quantities of:

Back 85

tPA protein

Front 86

Human insulin and human growth hormone are the only products made by recombinant DNA technology

Back 86

false

Front 87

If three VNTR loci, which are each found at a frequency of 1% in a population, are used to construct a genetic fingerprint the discrimination value will be closest to:

Back 87

1 in a million (once in a lifetime...)

Front 88

In order to use RFLP mapping, extensive information about the nature of the gene product must be known.

Back 88

false

Front 89

_____________ is a proceedure used to identify RFLP or VNTR fragments in a gel.

Back 89

Southern Blot

Front 90

__________ is used in mice, where a altered gene (non-functional) is inserted in place of the normal gene through the process of _________________.

Back 90

Gene knockout ............. homologous recombination

Front 91

RFLPs are produced by cutting DNA with ___________ and separating the resulting fragments on _____________.

Back 91

Restriction enzymes ........ gel electrophoresis

Front 92

The tissue plasminogen activator protein is made in bacteria because it is easy to extract in its pure form.

Back 92

false

Front 93

Which of the following proceedure would be used with 'in vitro' fertilization

Back 93

preimplantation testing