Biology Exam #3 Chap. 9 Mitosis

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

- all living things are composed of cells and all cells arise from pre-existing cells

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

- control center of the cell
- contains the chromosomes which bear genes <discrete units of inheritance that determine specific hereditary traits
- the nucleus possesses the information or blueprint for the development of a new individual

Front 3

Cell Cycle

Back 3

- The cell cycle is an ordered set of events, culminating in cell growth and division into two daughter cells

Front 4

Interphase

Back 4

- a growing phase

Front 5

G1 phase

Back 5

- first period during interphase. a period of intensive biochemical activity.
- the cell doubles in size
- all the cytoplasmic molecules (enzymes) & structures (ribosomes, mitochondria, centrioles) approximately double in number
- some structures are synthesized (doubled) de novo (anew)
- membranous structures are derived from ER (endoplasmic riticulum)
- mitochondria & chloroplasts are produced only from pre-existing mitochondria & chloroplasts

Front 6

S Phase

Back 6

- DNA is synthesized (doubled)
- the proteins associated with DNA are synthesized

Front 7

G2 Phase

Back 7

- everything but the nucleus & and everything inside of it duplicates
- structures required for the separation of the chromosomes during mitosis & of the 2 daughter cells (duplicated cells) during cytokinesis are assembled. ex: spindle fibers

Front 8

Mitotic Phase (M)

Back 8

- the actual cell division (duplication)

Front 9

Mitosis

Back 9

- the division of the nucleus

Front 10

Cytokinesis

Back 10

- the division of the cytoplasm

Front 11

A cell in interphase: chromatin

Back 11

- chromatin (parts of chromosomes in the nucleus
- chromatin are dispersed chromosomal material

Front 12

A cell entering mitosis:

Back 12

- duplicated chromosomes: sister chromatids attached by a centromere.

Front 13

Mitosis

Back 13

- process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
- the daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent

Front 14

Prophase

Back 14

- each duplicated chromosome (consisted of two sister chromatids) condenses from threadlike form to rodlike form.
- each gets attached to the spindle during the transition to metaphase.

Front 15

Metaphase

Back 15

- all chromosomes are now positioned at the spindles equator.

Front 16

Anaphase

Back 16

- sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
- these new daughter chromosomes are moved to opposite poles of the spindle.

Front 17

Telophase

Back 17

- when the cytoplasm divides, there are two cells. each is diploid (2n)--it has the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

Front 18

Eukaryotic Animal Cellular Division (when animal cell divides)

Back 18

- when the animal cell divides a cleavage furrow forms.

Front 19

Eukaryotic Plan cellular division (when plant cell divides)

Back 19

- no centrioles
- no asters
- in telophase: cell plate formation (no division or cleavage furrow)