Biology Exam 3

Front 1

what are the functions of the circulatory system?

Back 1

deliever nutrients, remove waste, defense, fluid and ph balance, distribution of heat

Front 2

Blood is 55% made of

Back 2

plasma

Front 3

45% of blood is

Back 3

cells

Front 4

Where within the body do blood cells get produced?

Back 4

within the bone marrow

Front 5

Mature white blood cells have

Back 5

nuclei

Front 6

What is anemia

Back 6

an abnormally low amount of hemoglobin or a low number of red blood cells

Front 7

Plasma is made up of

Sugars, ions, acids, gases, hormones, and waste

Back 7

90% water

make the other 10%

Front 8

Injection of EPO (erythropoientin) is called----- and it

Back 8

blood doping increases oxygen by giving more red blood cells.

Front 9

T of F... Clot formation is a complex chain reaction process that involves dozens of clotting factors and results in the production of FIBRIN that forms the clot.

Back 9

true

Front 10

What is the average rate of red blood cell formation

Back 10

3-4 months

Front 11

Left side of heart has_____ high oxy blood and right side has_____ oxygenated blood

Back 11

high, low

Front 12

blod vessels delivering blood to the heart is____
blood vessels leaving the heart are___

Back 12

aorta, pulmonary vein

vena cava, pul. artery

Front 13

In which circuit do arteries carry (blue) low oxygen blood?
In which circuit do veins carry (blue) low oxygen blood?

Back 13

pulmonary

systemic

Front 14

arteries always carry pressurized blood....

Back 14

away from the heart

Front 15

what is the pacemaker of the heart?

Back 15

the SA node (sinotrail)

Front 16

The cardiac conduction system (= AV node, Sa node, AV bundle and branching fibers) are cardiac muscle cells that.....

Back 16

don't contract but are specialized to spread "messages to contract" very quickly

Front 17

Do the 2 atreia of the heart contract together (at the same time)?

Back 17

yes

Front 18

2 ventricles of the heart____together

Back 18

contract

Front 19

do all 4 chambers of the heart contract together?

Back 19

yes

Front 20

When do the AV valve close (lub)?

Back 20

when the heart is not relaxed (contract)

Front 21

When do the semi-lunar valves close (dup)?

Back 21

when the heart is relaxed

Front 22

A heart murmer occurs when...

Back 22

a stream of blood squirts backward through a valve

Front 23

Which vessel type(s) has smooth muscle and connective tissue within their walls

Back 23

artery and vein

Front 24

Do all vessels have an epithelium inner layer to their wall?

Back 24

yes

Front 25

Within the circulatory system, which vesel type(s) have one way valves?

Back 25

all

Front 26

Within which vessel type does blood pressure drop rapidly?

Back 26

capillaries, venules, veins, vena cavae

Front 27

Review blood pressure measurements.

Back 27

systole= contraction

diastole= relaxation

Front 28

Which value (upper) tells you the pressure that the blood is under when the____

Back 28

ventricles are contracted (systolic pressure)?

Front 29

Which value (lower) tells you the presure that the blood is under when the

Back 29

ventricles are relaxed (diastolic pressure)?

Front 30

All capillary beds stay filled with blood at all times.

Back 30

False

Front 31

What function do the precapilary sphincters have?

Back 31

the passage of blood into those branching caps. is regulated by these rings

Front 32

What vessels are the points for blood pressure control within the body?

Back 32

vasoconstriction and vasodilaton of the arterioles

Front 33

Vasodilation of these vessels (opening) causes blood pressure within the system to ____

Back 33

decrease

Front 34

Say, someone has hyperventilated. The loss of CO2 caused by the hyperventilation causes a drop in blood pressure. The body would respond by

Back 34

vasoconstriction of these vessels

Front 35

Within the tissues, exchange occurs by

Back 35

nerves and by horomoneslocal chemical signals.

Front 36

Which of these processes is due to pressure differences -

Back 36

capillary beds are the only vessels through which exchange occurs

Front 37

At which end do you see a net movement of fluidout of the capillary and into the tissue?

Back 37

venous

Front 38

there is typically more movement of fluid into capillaries than out of them

Back 38

false

Front 39

Blood pressure forces fluid out of the capillary and____

Back 39

osmotic pressure draws fluid into the vessel

Front 40

_____ vessels drain interstitial fluid from the tissues

Back 40

Lymph

Front 41

Veins carry low pressure back to the heart. What organs help the veins move this blood

Back 41

the skeletal muscle

Front 42

When you stand very still for a long time, you may begin to feel faint why?

Back 42

all the blood goes to your feet and away from the heart.

Front 43

Remember that minerals, water, carbon dioxide and oxygen are all nutrients needed for plant growth.. what else is needed?

Back 43

all kinds of nutrients

Front 44

Macronutrients (needs a lot) are much larger than micronutrients (don't need as much).

Back 44

False

Front 45

what are the three types of bacteria that make nitrogen available for plants.

Back 45

N-fixing, ammonifying, and nitrifying

Front 46

Which type of bacteria decompose organic matter?

Back 46

ammonifying

Front 47

Which type of bacteria has a mutualistic relationship with legume plants?

Back 47

N-fixing

Front 48

Carnivorous plants get supplemental nitrogen from___

Back 48

animals

Front 49

Carnivorous plants are typically found in nutrient__

Back 49

low soils

Front 50

Mycorrhizal fungi help plants get____ from the soil and in turn they receive

Back 50

phosphorous; nutrients and water from the plant roots

Front 51

What is the function of root hairs? Do they have cuticle?

Back 51

increase surface area for absorbtion and increase soil contact area; NO

Front 52

Review the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in plant nutrition

Back 52

steady supply of sugar, secrete growth , and antibiotics

Front 53

What cell produces the casparian strip?

What is the function of the of the Casparian strip?

What cell type selects the minerals that get to enter into the xylem?

Back 53

endoderm;
block H20 from entering the xylem
endoderm

Front 54

What are the two cell types within xylem tissues

Are these cells alive at maturity?

Back 54

tracheids and vessel membranes

no

Front 55

What are teh two functional cell types of the phloem tissue

Are these cells alive at maturity?

Back 55

sieve tubes and companion cells

yes

Front 56

In phloem, which cell type loads and unloads?

Back 56

companion cells

Front 57

which cell type transports?

Back 57

sieve tubes

Front 58

Xylem is the tissue involve with ____ movement while phloem is involved with ___ movement

Back 58

h20 and minerals; food and other solutes

Front 59

What is the name of the theory that explains water transport through the tissues of plants?

Back 59

cohesion-tension

Front 60

What process supplies the "tension" that pulls water through a plant?

Back 60

transpiration

Front 61

Stomata are ____ if guard cells are turgid (swollen with water)

Back 61

open

Front 62

Explain why open stomata are good for a plant and yet why under some condition they must be closed

Back 62

c02 can enter and be used in photosynthesis; no loss of water

Front 63

Low levels of CO2 cause stomata to ___

Back 63

open

Front 64

In most plants, where are stomata typically open
What type of plant is an exception to this pattern

Back 64

day

CAM

Front 65

What is the name of the mechanism that explains food movement through the tissues of plants?

Back 65

pressure- flow

Front 66

besides sucrose what other substances ay be transported by sieve tubes?

Back 66

phloem sap.

Front 67

____is pushed (+ pressure) through a plant's transporting tissue?

Back 67

food

Front 68

____is pulled (-pressure) through a plant's transporting tissue

Back 68

water

Front 69

The sink is where the food is

Back 69

unloaded

Front 70

the source is where the

Back 70

the pressure is the greatest and the food is loaded

Front 71

What gets moved or moves into the sieve tubes first

Back 71

sugars

Front 72

Food and solutes may be transported up from root to shoot

Back 72

true

Front 73

Water transport is a

Back 73

solar driven process (passive process for the plant)?

Front 74

an active process that requires ATP use b the plant is

Back 74

food

Front 75

How does honey dew form?

What substances would be foudn in honey dew?

Back 75

from an insect; all teh nutrients found in the plant

Front 76

MRI-

Back 76

High-res images of organs

Front 77

X rays

Back 77

high energy radiation images of broken bones and cavities

Front 78

CT (CAT) scan

Back 78

3D pics. Differences in density of tissues show up; tumors

Front 79

PET-

Back 79

radio active dyc given that emits positions

Front 80

sonograms

Back 80

ultrasound

Front 81

negative feeback is an essential control mechanism.

Back 81

A change in a variable triggers mechanisms that reverse that change

Front 82

How many organ systems are in the human body? Is this true of other vertbrates?

Back 82

12; yes

Front 83

Organs represent a higher level of structure than tissue? T or F

Back 83

false

Front 84

Which group has more species (invertebrates or Vertebrates)

Back 84

invertebrates (95%)

5% is vertebrates

Front 85

Which pair of phyla share the most recent common ancestor

Back 85

Arthropods and Annelids

Front 86

Which phylum of animals has true tissues but lack true organs

Back 86

onidarians

Front 87

Which phylu of animals lack true tissues

Back 87

sponges

Front 88

cnidarians and flatworms have

Back 88

incomplete digestive systems and only one opening to their digestive tract

Front 89

which phylum of animals doesnt have a digestive system

Back 89

sponge

Front 90

Which Phyla of animals have complete digestive tracts

Back 90

nematode

Front 91

Coelomate organisms would be found in which phyla?

Back 91

annelids, arthropods, amolluscs, chordtas

Front 92

Pseudocoelomate organisms would be found in which phylum?

Back 92

nemotodes and round worms

Front 93

Acoelomate organisms would be found in which phylum?

Back 93

flatworms

Front 94

What phylum of animals has the greates number of specises

Back 94

anthropods

Front 95

What types of animals are found in anthropods

Back 95

crayfish, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, spiders, ticks, insects

Front 96

What shared characteristics are found in anthropods?

Back 96

Segmentation, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

Front 97

List the Protostome Phyla-

List the Deuterstome phyla

Back 97

flatworms, molluscs, annelids, arthrpods, and nematodes;
echinoderms and choradates

Front 98

Which phyla exhibit segmentation

Back 98

Arthropoda

Front 99

Why are starfish and bony fish thought to have shared a recent common ansestor

Back 99

deuterostemes (same development) chordates

Front 100

What are 4 distinctive features found in all chordates?

Back 100

hollow nerve cord, noto chord, phangel gill slits, post anal tail

Front 101

What is a notochord? is it the same thing as a vertebral column?

Back 101

a flexible, supportive, longitudinal rod located btwn the digestive tract and nerve cord. NO

Front 102

Are there any invertebrates in the phylum chordata?

Back 102

yes; hagfishes, lancelets, thincates

Front 103

What traits do amphibians have that fish do not

Back 103

legs

Front 104

Which lineages have lungs or lung derivatives?

Back 104

ray-finned fishes, lobe-fins

Front 105

Do all vertebrates have jaws?

Back 105

no..hagfish lancelets and tunicates

Front 106

Which lineages of vertebrates produce an amnion?

Back 106

reptiles and mammals

Front 107

List differences between amphibians and reptiles?

Back 107

foudn in damp habitats, skin usually have poison glands; lay egges, waterproof scales, breath with lungs, rig cage, usually cold, blooded

Front 108

What characteristics do mammals share? what are the 3 main groups of libing mammals?

Back 108

hair and mammary glands; monotremes, marsupials, eutherians