Biology Exam 3

Front 1

linear electron flow

Back 1

involves BOTH photosystems

produces ATP and NADPH using light energy

Front 2

the primary pathway

for light reactions

Back 2

linear electron flow

Front 3

diffusion of _____ across the membrane drives ATP synthesis

Back 3

H+ protons

Front 4

in PSI, transferred light energy excites ____

Back 4

P700

Front 5

cyclic electron flow

Back 5

uses only photosystem I

produces ATP (but NOT NADPH)

Front 6

carbon enters the cycle as CO2 and leaves as....

Back 6

G3P

Front 7

the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle

Back 7

carbon fixation

reduction

regeneration of the CO2 acceptor

Front 8

carbon fixation is catalyzed by ____

Back 8

rubisco

Front 9

in photorespiration

rubisco adds ____ instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle

Back 9

O2

Front 10

photorespiration consumes ____ and _____

Back 10

O2

organic fuel

Front 11

photorespiration releases ___

Back 11

CO2

Front 12

in C3 plants, initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a ___-_____ compound

Back 12

three-carbon compound

Front 13

C4 plants minimize the cost of photorespiration by incorporating CO2 into four-carbon compounds in _____ cells

Back 13

mesophyll cells

Front 14

incorporating CO2 into four-carbon compounds in mesophyll cells

requires the enzyme ______

Back 14

PEP carboxylase

Front 15

how do CAM plants fix carbon?

Back 15

open their stomata at night and close them during the day

Front 16

autotrophs

Back 16

sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

Front 17

heterotrophs

Back 17

obtain their organic material from other organisms

Front 18

CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through

Back 18

stomata

Front 19

chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the

Back 19

mesophyll

Front 20

mesophyll

Back 20

the interior tissue of the leaf

Front 21

the chlorophyll is in the membranes of

Back 21

thykaloids

Front 22

photosynthesis equation

Back 22

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20

Front 23

photosynthesis consists of

Back 23

light reactions

and

Calvin cycle

Front 24

what do light reactions (in the thylakoids) do?

Back 24

split H2O

release O2

reduce NADP+ to NADPH

generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation

Front 25

Calvin cycle forms _____ from ___

Back 25

sugar

from

CO2

Front 26

Calvin cycle begins with

Back 26

carbon fixation

Front 27

carbon fixation

Back 27

incorporating CO2 into organic molecules

Front 28

wavelength

Back 28

the distance between crests of waves

Front 29

prophase I

Back 29

chromosome condense

crossing over

synapsis ends

chiasmata

Front 30

metaphase I

Back 30

pairs of chromosomes arrange on the metaphase plate

Front 31

anaphase I

Back 31

breakdown of proteins

homologs move toward opposite poles

Front 32

telophase & cytokinesis

Back 32

cleavage furrow

Front 33

prophase II

Back 33

spindle apparatus forms

Front 34

metaphase II

Back 34

chromosomes in the middle

the 2 sister chromatids of each chromosome are not genetically identical

Front 35

anaphase II

Back 35

breakdown of proteins

chromatids move toward opposite poles

Front 36

telophaes II and cytokinesis

Back 36

nuclei form

meiotic division of 1 parent cell produces 4 daughter cells

each of the 4 daughter cells is genetically distinct from the other daughter cells and from the parent cell