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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organisms whose cells contain just one of each type of chromosome (ex: bacteria, archaea, many algae) are called _____ meaning "single form"
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haploid
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organisms that have two versions of each type of chromosome (ex: humans, grasshoppers, oak trees) are called _____, meaning "double form"
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diploid
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___ is nuclear division that leads to halving of chromosome number. Precedes the formation of eggs and sperm in animals.
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meiosis
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non-sex chromomes are called _____
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autosomes
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biologists use the term ____ to denote different versions of the same gene
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allele
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____ organisms do not contain homologous chromosomes. they have just one allele of each gene.
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haploid
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____organisms have to alleles of each gene- one on each of the homologous pairs of chromosomes
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diploid
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______ are two chromosomes of the same type that carry the same genes, but may contain different alleles
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homologous
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number of cell divisions in-
mitosis ___ meiosis ___ |
number of cell divisions in -
mitosis - 1 meiosis - 2 |
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number of chromosomes in daughter cells, compared with parent cell
mitosis __ meiosis___ |
number of chromosomes in daughter cells, compared with parent cell
mitosis- same meiosis- half |
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synapsis of homologs?
mitosis__ meiosis__ |
synapsis of homologs-
mitosis- no meiosis- yes |
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number of crossing over events-
mitosis__ meiosis__ |
number of crossing over events-
mitosis- none meiosis- one or more per pair of homologous chromosomes |
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makeup of chromosomes in daughter cells-
mitosis__ meiosis__ |
makeup of chromosomes in daughter cells-
mitosis- identical meiosis- different, only one of each chromosome type present, paternal and maternal segments mixed with chromosomes |
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role in organism life cycle-
mitosis __ meiosis__ |
role in organism life cycle
mitosis- asexual reproduction in eukaryotes, cell division for growth in multicellular organisms meiosis- precedes production of gametes in sexually reproducing animals |
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the key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that homologous chromosomes pair early in ___ but do not pair during ___
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homologous chromosomes pair early in meiosis but do not pair during mitosis
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because homologs pair in ____ of meiosis I, they can migrate to the metaphase plate together and then separate during ___ of meiosis I, resulting in a reduction division
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pair in prophase, separate in anaphase
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meiosis consists of two cell divisions, called ____ and ____
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meiosis consists of two cell divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II
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during ____, the homologs in each chromosome pair separate from each other. One homolog goes to one daughter cell, the other goes to the other daughter cell.
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during meiosis I
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during ___, the diploid (2n) parent cell produces two haploid (n) daughter cells
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meiosis I
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during ___ sister chromatids from each chromosome separate
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meiosis II
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the cells produced by ____ also have one of each type of chromosome, but now the chromosomes are unreplicated
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meiosis II
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gametes have ____ the number of chromosomes as the zygote
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half the number of chromosomes
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___ and ___ are gametes
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sperm and unfertilized eggs
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what are zygotes?
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fertilized eggs with 46 chromosomes
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what is the haploid number for humans?
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23. haploid is the half number of chromosomes, like what would be in the sperm or egg.
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what does 2n represent?
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the diploid number. which in humans, would be 46
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what does n represent in respect to 2n?
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n represents the haploid number, which in humans would be 23
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____ is the observed traits of an individual, such as the shape of a pea seed or the eye color of a human. literally, "show-type"
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phenotype
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geneticists use the word ____ to indicate the hereditary determinant for a trait
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gene
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different versions of the same gene are called ____
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alleles
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the alleles that are found in a particular individual are called the ____
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genotype
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an individual's genotype has a profound effect on the _____, the physical traits
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phenotype
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what is the latin name for the fruit fly?
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Drosophila melanogaster
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