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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______ is the passing along of hereditary traits from one generation to the next |
Inheritance
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______ is the study of inheritance
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Genetics
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The ______ is an organisms genetic makeup.
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genotype
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The ______ is an organism's physical appearance. Two organisms can have same phenotype but have different genotypes.
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phenotype
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______ are alternative forms of a gene that code for the same trait.
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Alleles
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A ______ is a permanent change in an allele that produces a variant of the same trait.
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mutation
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A ______ allele is one that dominates or masks the presence of another allele.
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dominate
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______ allele are always represented by capital letters when writing them in genetic shorthand (T for tallness).
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Dominant
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______ allele are always represented by lowercase letters when writing them in genetic shorthand (t for tallness).
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Recessive
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A ______ allele is one that is masked by another allele.
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recessive
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A individual who is ______ for a trait has inherited the same gene for that trait on each homologous chromosome (same from each parent).
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homozygous
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______ chromosomes would be written as "TT".
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Homozygous
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______ individuals are known as true breeders, since they aren't hiding any recessive genes.
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Homozygous
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______ , having gotten a copy of the recessive gene from each parent. This individual would be written as "tt".
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Homozygous recessive
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If an individual has inherited a different copy of the gene from each parent, they are called ______ . The shorthand would be written as "Tt".
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heterozygous
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______ can possibly produce a mixed of genetic traits.
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Heterozygous
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The sex chromosomes (X & Y ) are responsible for the transmission of several non-sexual traits. One of these is red-green color blindness, which is passed along on the X chromosome from the mother. These conditions are called _____ ______ .
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sex-linked traits
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______ occurs when both alleles of a pair are fully expressed in the heterozygote.
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Co-dominance
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An example of co-dominance is the ABO blood typing system. There are people with Type A blood, people with Type B blood and people with Type ______ .
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AB
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Type ______ blood has neither Type A or B proteins.
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O
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The independent inheritance of two or more traits is called the law of ______ . This means that genes from different traits can be inherited independently of each other and not influence each other during the formation of gametes.
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independent assortment
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______ are a method to determine the statistical outcomes of various traits when two individuals are bred togheter.
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Prunett squares
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A ______ utilizes a four square grid to examine the outcomes of one trait at a time.
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monohybrid cross
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A ______ utilizes a 16-square grid to examine the outcomes of two traits at a time.
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dihybrid cross
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______ affects 1 in 3,000 females, who have only one X chromosome and are infertile.
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Turner syndrome
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______ effects 1 in 1,500 females, who have 3 X chromosomes, are usually fertile but may have ______ .
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Trisomy, below average intelligence
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______ syndrome affects 1 in 1,000 miles, who have an extra X chromosome (X X Y). These individuals are usually infertile and may have mixed ______ characteristics.
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Klinefelter, sexual
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______ syndrome affects 1 in 1,000 males who have an extra Y chromosome (XYY). These individuals have elevated testosterone, severe acne, are tall and have decreased intelligence and increased aggresiveness
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Jacob
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______ (Down syndrome) individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 21. These individuals have varying level of developmental disability, from mild to severe. It occurs in about 1 out of 700 births, with greatly increased risk for mothers over 40 years old. (women, how old are your eggs?)
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Trisomy 21 |
