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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Sexual Reproduction (partner?offspring look like?)

Requires a partner; variety of offspring

Asexual Reproduction (partnet?offspring look like?)

Does not require partner; offspring identical to parent

DNA

Genetic material

Gene

Section of DNA;instructions

Chromosome

Single molecule of DNA

Chromatin

DNA and packaging protein

Sister Chromatids

Identical

Centromere

Joins copies;like a paper clip

What does meiosis produce?

Gametes

Monozygotic twins

Identical

Dizygotic

Fraternal

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46

How many pairs are the chromosomes in?

23

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

0

When do chromosomes look like an X?

When they are copied and getting ready to divide

What do chromosomes look like most of the time?

Single strand of DNA

Are sex chromosome abnormalities survivable?

Yes

How many cells does Meiosis produce?

4

Nondisjunction (definition;survivable?)

Chromosomes do not separate correctly; not usually survivable

Trisomy 21 (definition;survivable?)

3 copies of chromosome 21;Yes

Gene

Instructions

Allele

Two variations of a gene

Do sister chromatids have the same alleles?

Yes

Homologous chromosomes (same genes?same alleles?)

Same genes;May or may not have the same alleles

Are humans haploid or diploid?

Diploid

Dominant allele

Having one copy gives you the dominant trait

Recessive allele

Must have both recessive alleles to have the recessive trait

Genotype

Whats in your DNA; genes

Phenotype

Outside appearance

Monohybrid cross

Only one gene

Sickle Cell Anemia

Recessive trait

Dihybrid cross

2 genes

Carrier

Can pass on a trait

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal or sex?)

Autosomal

Dwarfism (homo or hetero?)

Heterozygotes

Incomplete dominance

When you have two traits that mix if its has dominant and recessive alleles

Multiple alleles

More than 2 alleles

Pleiotropy

One gene has multiple effects

Pleiotropy example

Sickle cell disease

Polygenic inheritance

Multiple genes influence a trait

Polygenic inheritance example

Skin color; height

Mitosis (used in humans for what)

Growth, repair,development

Mitosis (used in other species for?)

Asexual Reproduction

Cytokinesis

Division of cells into 2 new cells

Mutation

Changes in DNA

Proto-oncogene (gas or break?;definition

Gas pedal; promotes cell division

Oncogene (definition; type of cell growth)

Mutated Proto-oncogene; unregulated cell growth

Tumor suppressor gene (brakes or gas?; definition

Brakes; slows down Cell division

Tumor

Mass of cells growing out of control

Cancer

Tumors that spread to other tissues

Benign tumor

Cannot spread to other tissues

Malignant tumor

Can spread to other tissues

TNM staging of cancer

Tumor, nodes, metastasis

Mammograms

X-ray of the breast

Pap smear

Treat for cervical cancer

HPV test

Test for human papilloma virus

PSA test

Measures a man's prostate specific antigen