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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells release energy through a process called
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Glycolosis
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What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration
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Glycolosis
Krebs Cycle Oxdative Phsosphorylation |
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In glycolysis enzymes cleave and rearrange a glucose molecule into 2 molecules of ....
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pyruvate
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A nucleotide enzyme that carries electrons and H+ to a reaction site...
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NADH
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What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
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Oxygen
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What is produced at the end of cellular respiration
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32-34 ATP
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Acetyl Co-A is found where in cellular respiration?
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(when pyruvate is oxidized)
Right before the Krebs Cycle |
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What is the waste product of cellular respiration
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water and Carbon Dioxide
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When is CO2 released?
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in step 2 and 3 of the citric acid cycle
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In a reduction reaction what happens?
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Electrons are gained!
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In aerobic respiration a concentration of what moving through a specific transport protein causes the formation of ATP?
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Hydrogen
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What is the name the specific transport protein that Hydrogen moves through?
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ATP Synthase
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Without the presence of oxygen in humans the pyruvate is reduced to what?
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Lactic Acid
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In this type of reaction the products contain more energy than the reactants
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Endergonic
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Discharge of materials from vesicles at the cell surface
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exocytosis
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Measure of disorder in a system
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Entropy
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Catalyzes a reaction but is not usually changed
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enzyme
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Cell uptake of substances when part of plasma membrane forms a vesicle around them
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Phagocytosis
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Potential Energy is?
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Stored Energy
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Energy in motion is
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Kinetic Energy
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Reaction that releases energy and yields energy that has LESS potential energy than the reactants
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Exergonic
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Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable or semi-permeable membrane
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Osmosis
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In the absence of other forces a substance tends to move to an area of higher or lower concentration
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Passive Transport
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The net movement of like particles or ions down a concentration gradient is?
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Diffusion
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Having a higher concentration of solutes
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HYPERtonic
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Having the same amount of solutes
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ISOtonic
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This type of transport across a membrane requires energy
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Active Transport
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When you place a red blood cell in a solution having a high concentration of solutes what happens?
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Cell Shrinks
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When a substance gains electrons it is?
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Reduced
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When a substance loses electrons it is?
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Oxidized
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What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
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Oxygen
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The 1st law of thermodynamics?
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LAW OF ENERGY CONSERVATION= energy can not be created or destroyed
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The 2nd law of thermodynamics?
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with more energy there is more entropy
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A DNA molecule with many associated proteins?
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Chromosome
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A somatic cell is?
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typical body cell that has 46 chromosomes
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Having half the number of chromosome as the parent cell is called?
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HAPloid
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Sex cells are called?
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Gametes
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What are the 2 gametes
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Egg and Sperm
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The constricted region of the chromosome that has attachment sites for spindle microtubules during nuclear division
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centromere
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A duplicate chromosome attached to each other at the centromere
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Sister Chromatid
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Somatic cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells making it a?
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Diploid cell
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If the diploid number is 46 then after mitosis the number would be?
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46
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After meiosis the chromosome number would be>
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23
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At what phase is the DNA duplicated
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interphase
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What are the four stages of mitosis?
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prophase
metaphase anaphse and telophase |
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The organized microtubules unit that moves chromosomes in precise directions during mitosis and meiosis
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mitotic spindle
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Phase:Duplicated chromosomes begin to condense
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PROphase
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Phase:Chromosomes DEcondense
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TELOphase
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Phase:Sister chromatids pulled apart
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ANAphase
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The final cytoplasmic division is called
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cytokinesis
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These are cells with a diploid chromosome number, one pair of chromosomes identical in size, shape, and gene sequence, and that interact at meiosis
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hohologous chromosomes
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Final result of meiosis?
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4 daughter cells
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When homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material this is called?
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crossing over
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During anaphase 1 in meiosis 1 what is separated?
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homologous chromosomes
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During anaphase 2 in meiosis 2 what is separated?
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sister chromatids
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A picture of your chromosome is called?
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Karyotype
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A disease where you have one extract chromosome 21 is
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Down Syndrome
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The disease where you have XXY
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Klinefelter Syndrome
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