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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

When was the Big Bang?

13-14 Billion years ago

What happened within one second after the Big Bang?

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons formed

Protons

Positive charge, found in nucleus

Neutrons

No charge, found in nucleus

Electrons

Negative charge, in orbit around the nucleus

What happened 300,000 years after the big bang?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons clump together to form the hydrogen atom

What is Hydrogen made from?

1 proton, 1 electron

What is Helium made from

2 protons, 2 neutrons, 2 electrons

What happened one billion years after the big bang?

Hydrogen clouds are clumping together to form galaxies and stars

How old is the sun?

5 billion years old

How hot is the sun?

28 million degrees Fahrenheit at the core

Where does the sun get its energy?

By turning hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion

What are the two must abundant elements in the sun and universe?

Hydrogen and Helium

How old is the moon

4.6-4.0 billion years old

How did the moon form?

A mars sized planet slammed into Earth

General characteristics of moon

No atmosphere, cold interior, no magnetic field, some ice at poles

What is the moons main influence on earth?

It creates the tides

How old is the Earth?

4.6 billion years old

General characteristics of Earth

Hot interior, atmosphere, liquid water, ice, water vapor, magnetic field

How does the Earth's magnetic field protect the Earth?

By blocking charged particles coming from the sun (solar wind)

Where does the Earth get interior heat?

From radioactive decay of elements in Earth's atmosphere

The Earth has an atmosphere, where did it come from?

Gases released when the Earth's mantle was compressed into distinct layers

Early atmosphere

Very little free oxygen, lots of water vapor, lots of carbon dioxide

Atmosphere today

Lots of oxygen, little water vapor, little carbon dioxide

What caused an increase in the amount of oxygen gas?

The evolution of photosynthesis

What causes a decrease in the amount if carbon dioxide

Carbon is tied up in living and dead organisms, photisynthesis carbon dioxide to make sugars

What is currently increasing carbon dioxide

The burning of fossil fuels releases the stored carbon, animals exhale carbon dioxide

What layer of atmospheric gas protects life on Earth?

The ozone layer

What does the ozone layer protect against?

Ultraviolet light

How us the ozone layer formed?

Oxygen gas joins with free oxygen in the upper atmosphere to produce ozone

How high is the ozone layer

31 miles

How thick is the ozone layer

When compressed, a few millimeters thick

How much of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

75%

How much of Earth's water is salt water?

97%

How much of Earth's water is fresh water?

3%

How much of Earth's water is drinkable?

Less than 3%

How old is the origin of life on Earth?

3.5 billion years ago

How old is the origin of oxygen-releasing photosynthesis

About 3.5 billion years ago

How old are eukaryotic cells?

About 1.5 billion years ago

How old are the first land plants?

About 500 million years old

How old are the first land animals?

500 million years old

When did the evolution of mammals begin?

200-250 million years ago

When was the evolution of anatomically modern humans?

200 thousand years ago