Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how long is the preovulatory phase
|
2 weeks.
|
|
|
how long is the menstrual phase?
|
5 days
|
|
|
what are the stages of menstruation
|
day 1- shedding of endometrium wall
-FSH stimulates granulosa cells to secrete estrogen |
|
|
what effect does estrogen have on granulosa cells?
|
autocrine on the same granulosa cells that secrete it and paracrine on nearby granulosa cells
|
|
|
what happens when FSH stimulates granulosa cells to multiply?
|
they secrete so much estrogen that it gets in the blood
|
|
|
what is the action of FSH during the preovulatory stage?
|
stimulate follicle growth
stimulate granulosa cells to secrete estrogen ` |
|
|
what is the action of LS during the preovulatory stage?
|
stimulates theca cells to produce androgens which are transferred to the granulosa cells and are turned into estrogen.
loads of estrogen |
|
|
what are the action of estrogen after the secondary oocyte has become dominant.
|
1. thickening of endometrium
2. thickening of blood vessels 3. thickening of glands |
|
|
what is action of estrogen on FSH and why?
|
estrogen inhibits the production of FSH by the ant. pit. because FSH stimulates the release of estrogen from the follicle and if the levels are too high which they usually are during ovulation, it will inhibit production of more estrogen.
|
|
|
ovulation
|
day 14
|
|
|
What is the result of LH surge due to estrogen surge?
|
LH surge leads to final maturation of follicle
|
|
|
what is the result of the follicle maturation.
|
becomes too big
causes wall of follicle to rupture secondary oocyte ejected into oviduct |
|
|
what does the granulosa cells do when the secondary oocyte reaches the oviduct
|
the decrease estrogen output and thus estrogen concentration in blood is lowered.
|
|
|
what are the day counts of the postovulatory phase? and what is it called?
|
days 15-28
the luteal phase-ovarian cycle secretory phase- uterine cycle |
|
|
when do progesterone levels peak?
|
1 week after ovulation
|
|
|
what is the action of progesterone on the endometrium during ovulation?
|
it stimulates the endometrium to produce nutrient rich fluids
|
|
|
what is the action of progesterone on the hypothalamus during ovulation
|
inhibits GnRH so no FSH or LH because we don't want any new follicles
|
|
|
what happens if there is no fertilization during the post ovulatory phase?
|
the corpus luteum/ endometrium wall disintegrates.
|
|
|
what is the affect on hormones when the corpus loteum disintegrates?
|
there are low levels of FSH and LH so the hypothalamus is stimulated to produce GnRH which produces more FSH which stimulates follicle growth and the process starts all over
|
|
|
what happens if secondary oocyte is fertilized?
|
it makes its way to the uterus and implants in the thick endometrium.
|
|
|
what is the action of the chorion that develops after the secondary oocyte has been implanted?
|
1. it forms a membrane that surrounds the embryo
2. contributes to placenta 3. secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (similar to LH) |
|
|
what is the action of the actual chorion hormone?
|
prevents degeneration of corpus luteum
|
|
|
what is the hormone that is identified by a pregnacy test?
|
human chorionic gonadotropin
|
|
|
what is the corpus luteum in charge of producing in the first trimester?
|
estrogen and progesterone
after 3 months, the placenta takes over |
|
|
what is the action of estrogen during pregnancy
|
stimulates development of muscles in uterine wall in preparation for birth
|
|
|
what is the action of progesterone during pregnancy
|
it inhibits uterine contractions to keep the baby in there.
|
|
|
why is there no ovulation during pregnancy?
|
because estrogen and progesterone inhibit the production of FSH and LH
|
|
|
what is the job of oral contraception
|
they are synthetic estrogen and progesterone which maintain post ovulatory levels of estrogen and progesterone so there is no LH surge so no ovulation
|
