Biology Exam 1

Front 1

what are the functions of the female reproductive system?

Back 1

1. produces eggs
2. receives the penis and sperm
3. houses and naurishes and gives birth to the embryo.
4. lactation- milk production

Front 2

what is another name for the female egg?

Back 2

ova

Front 3

what are the organs of the female reprodcutive system?

Back 3

1. ovary
2. oviduct
3. uterus
4. cervix
5. vagina
6. vulva'

Front 4

what is the ovary and where can it be found?

Back 4

ovary- female gonad
found in the pelvic cavity held in place by connective tissue ligaments.

Front 5

what is the ovary responsible for producing?

Back 5

1. gametes( oocyte)
2. sex hormones- estrodial and progesterone

Front 6

where in the female reproductive system is the site of oogenesis

Back 6

oogenesis happens in the ovary

Front 7

what is another name for the oviduct?

Back 7

Fallopian tube

Front 8

what are the two parts of the oviduct/ Fallopian tube?

Back 8

infundibulum and the oviduct

Front 9

what is the structure of the infundibulum and what is it's responsibilities

Back 9

1. partially surrounds the ovary
2. collects secondary oocytes from the ovary
3. uses cilia to move secondary oocytes

Front 10

what is the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system?

Back 10

oviduct

Front 11

what happens to the secondary oocyte if fertilization does not occur?

Back 11

secondary oocyte degenerates in oviduct

Front 12

what are the two parts of the uterus?

Back 12

myometrium and the endometrium

Front 13

what is the myometrium and where can it be found?

Back 13

it is a thick wall comprised of smooth muscle

Front 14

what is the endometrium made of?

Back 14

1. connective tissue
2. glands
3. blood vessels

Front 15

why does the endometrium thicken every month?what happens if the egg is fertilized? what happens if no fertilization occurs?

Back 15

1. it thickens in preparation for pregnancy.
2. if fertilization occurs the embryo is implanted in the endometrium
3. if no fertilization then the endometrium sloths off=menstruation.

Front 16

what is endometriosis?

Back 16

a disorder in which fragment of endometrium migrate to other areas, oviducts and ovaries.

Front 17

what is the function of the cervix?

Back 17

closes uterus off and separates uterus from vagina.

Front 18

what is the structure and function of the vagina?

Back 18

1. elastic, muscular tube
function- receives sperm and is the birth canal

Front 19

what is the vulva and what does it do?

Back 19

1. the external genitalia
2. covers external opening

Front 20

when are all the female oogenia formed?

Back 20

during embryonic development

Front 21

what ploidy are the female oogenia?

Back 21

diploid

Front 22

what does the oogenia become and at what stage of development does this occur?

Back 22

during prenatal development, oogenia grows and becomes a primary oocyte

Front 23

at what stage of development of primary oocyte is it arested?

Back 23

prophase 1

Front 24

how many oocytes is a female born with and how many is left when she reaches sexual maturity(puberty)

Back 24

born with ~1 million oocytes
puberty ~200,000 oocytes

Front 25

what forms a barrier of tight junctions around the primary oocyte?

Back 25

ganulosa cells

Front 26

what is the structure of a follicle

Back 26

primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells

Front 27

what hormone stimulates the follicles at puberty

Back 27

FSH

Front 28

how many follicles mature each month?

Back 28

6-12 follicles

Front 29

after one week, what happens to the follicle that grows largest and what happens to the others?

Back 29

one follicle out of the possible 12 continues to grow larger and the rest just degenerate.

Front 30

what are the components of a follicle?

Back 30

1. theca cells
2. zona pellucida
3. antrum
4. follicle

Front 31

what is the structure of a theca cell and what does it surround?

Back 31

it is a layer of connective tissue and it surrounds granulsa cells

Front 32

what is the layer of glycoproteins found between granulosa cells and primary oocytes?

Back 32

zona pellucida

Front 33

what is an antrum

Back 33

fluid filled cavities between follicles

Front 34

which cells secrete estrogen?

Back 34

follicle cells

Front 35

what happens to the primary oocyte after it finishes meiosis I?

Back 35

it is released from the ovary

Front 36

what are the two daughter cells produced after Meiosis 1 and cytokineses? and what is their fate?

Back 36

1. polar body- disintegrates
2. secondary oocyte-enter meiosis II and stops at metaphase

Front 37

describe the process of ovulation

Back 37

1. 2nd oocyte matures + moves closer to the surface
2. proteolytic enzymes break down ovarian wall
3. 2nd oocyte ejects through the hole into the oviduct

Front 38

what does the follicle that remains in the ovary after ovulation become and what does it secrete?

Back 38

it becomes the corpus luteum and it secretes estrogen and progesterone

Front 39

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

Back 39

it lives for about 10-12 days and dies= luteolysis

Front 40

what is significant about an estrous cycle?

Back 40

it is when mammals are fertile to males only certain times of the year.

Front 41

what is significant about the menstrual cycle?

Back 41

fertile on a cyclic basis. fertility times are not synchronized with sexual reception.

Front 42

what hormone aids secondary female characteristic growth and what are those characteristics

Back 42

estrogen (estrodial)
1. beast development
2. broadening of the pelvis
3. fat and muscle distribution
4. stimulates monthly preparation of the endometrium

Front 43

which hormone stimulates endometrial glands to secrete nutrient rich fluids?

Back 43

progesterone