Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
adaptive radiation
|
The process of evolution of an ancestral species into many different species
Darwin’s finches, Hawaiian honeycreepers |
|
|
convergent evolution
|
The pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits.
Dolphins and fishes |
|
|
divergent evolution
|
The process by which species that were once all similar to the ancestral species become more different.
|
|
|
punctuated equilibrium
|
When speciation occurs quickly in rapid bursts with long periods of stability in between.
|
|
|
gradualism
|
The idea that species originate through a gradual buildup of new adaptations.
|
|
|
speciation
|
The evolution of a new species
|
|
|
What causes speciation?
|
When either interbreeding or the production of fertile offspring is prevented
|
|
|
Polyploidy
|
a change in chromosome number
|
|
|
What factors can lead to speciation?
|
Geographic isolation, reproductive isolation or polyploidy
|
|
|
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is called
|
Coevolution
The viceroy and monarch butterflies |
|
|
vestigial structure
|
Any structure that was used by an ancestor, but is reduced in function or no longer used
|
|
|
analogous structures
|
Structures that are similar in function but different in structure
Insect and bird wings |
|
|
homologous structures
|
Structures which are similar in structure, in function or both
The forelimbs of reptiles, mammmals and birds |
|
|
From what areas is there evidence for evolution?
|
Fossil record, Anatomy, Embryology, Genetics (biochemistry)
|
|
|
When an organism copies the appearance of another organism in order for protection, it is called
|
Mimicry
|
|
|
A structural adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its environment is called
|
Camouflage
|
|
|
When color patterns enable organisms to blend in with their environment it is called
|
Cryptic coloration
|
|
|
When MAN selects which traits to breed, it is called
|
Artifical selection
|
|
|
In natural selection ____ does the selecting of traits.
|
The environment
|
|
|
From what islands did Darwin gather most of his ideas about evolution?
|
The Galapagos
|
|
|
To what country do the Galapagos belong?
|
Ecuador
|
|
|
Organisms that are bright red are exhibiting…
|
Warning coloration
|
|
|
The chemosynthesis hypothesis was first proposed by
|
Alexander Oparin
|
|
|
Who performed laboratory tests to see if the chemosynthesis hypothesis could have occurred in the ancient atmosphere?
|
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
|
|
|
Protocells—demonstrating how the first life forms may have started—were first formed by
|
Sydney Fox
|
|
|
The first living cells are believed to have been: autotrophic or heterotrophic?
|
Heterotrophic
|
|
|
The first living cells are believed to have been: aerobic or anaerobic?
|
Anaerobic
|
|
|
Where did the gases come from that appeared in the atmosphere?
|
Volcanoes
|
|
|
What essential gas was missing from the Earth’s atmosphere when life first formed?
|
Oxygen
|
|
|
When did oxygen appear in the atmosphere?
|
When autotrophs evolved and started photosynthesis
|
|
|
The first life forms had to stay in the water, why?
|
Because the harmful UV rays would kill them
|
|
|
What happened that allowed organisms to come out of the water and live on land?
|
Ozone was formed from the oxygen in the atmosphere
|
|
|
What change in organisms could occur because they became aerobic?
|
Organisms eventually could become multicellular because they were more efficient at getting energy
|
|
|
What caused the formation of the oceans?
|
Thousands of years of rain
|
|
|
Why did it rain?
|
The reactions on earth were slowing down, and the earth was cooling, causing the atmosphere to cool and the water vapor to condense.
|
|
|
What was in the air that formed the rain?
|
Water vapor
|
|
|
What is meant by the primordial soup?
|
The oceans full of organic compounds before and shortly after life on earth began
|
|
|
Where did the organic compounds come from?
|
Chemical reactions between the gases in the atmosphere and lightening and UV rays.
|
|
|
What do we call these reactions?
|
The chemosynthesis hypothesis
|
|
|
What are the four eras of the Geologic time scale?
|
Precambrian-oldest, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic- youngest
|
|
|
When was earth formed?
|
4.6 billion years ago
|
|
|
In which era did life begin?
|
Precambrian
|
|
|
Evidence of an organism that lived long ago is called a
|
Fossil
|
|
|
Who came up with the Principle of Use and Disuse?
|
Lamarck
|
|
|
What was wrong with Lamarck’s explanation of how evolution occurs?
|
Acquired traits are not usually inherited
|
|
|
When ARE acquired traits inherited?
|
When the acquired traits occur in sex cells
|
|
|
Who disproved the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics by cutting the tails of mice?
|
Weismann
|
|
|
Who was the geologist who said the earth was older than people thought?
|
George Lyell
|
|
|
Who was the economist who said populations increase geometrically, but food increases arithemetically?
|
Thomas Malthus
|
|
|
Who also came up with essentially the same explanation of how evolution occurs?
|
Wallace
|
|
|
Competition for the needs of life is known as
|
Struggle for survival
|
|
|
What word did Darwin use instead of “adaptation”?
|
Fitness
|
|
|
What was the “raw material” for Darwin’s explanation of how evolution works?
|
Variation in a species
|
|
|
What was Darwin’s explanation of how evolution works called?
|
Natural selection
|
|
|
True/False: Darwin said man evolved from apes.
|
FALSE!!!!!!
|
|
|
How are Man and apes related according to the accepted theory of evolution?
|
Man and apes share a common ancestor
|
|
|
In terms of evolution, what determines if an organism is successful?
|
If he/she survives long enough to produce offspring
|
|
|
What is the result of Natural selection?
|
Each succeeding generation inherits traits which allow them to be more adapted.
|
|
|
What were the biggest problems organisms had to overcome in order to live on land?
|
Getting water and not drying out.
|
|
|
What type of adaptation is our big toe?
|
A morphological adaptation
|
|
|
What type of adaptation is the migration of birds?
|
A behavioral adaptation
|
|
|
What type of adaptation is an insect mimicing a thorn?
|
A morphological adaptation
|
|
|
What type of adaptation is antibodies fighting off germs?
|
A physiological adaptation
|
